Define total fertility rate (TFR)ze b vku0b8sw(f6r7 5bmx)e; x.

  Outline the change which is most likely to cause a population to move from stol9+x;pd 5*/iqymt35e jn tkgage 1 to stage 2 of the demographic5/dg9+ tkym ej*3o qpnitxl;5 transition model.

  Figure: Population statisticy e)zv(ge5( b0ksp q:hs for countries R and V

Country R Country V

Population 1,500,000 12,800,000
Births 1,500 15,000
Deaths 1,400 12,500
Crude birth rate CBR 1.17
Crude death rate CDR 0.98
Natural increase rate 0.007 NIR
Using the population statistics for country R and country C in the Figure, calculate the missing data.

  Figure: Zambia 2023 - population 20,57. r+cmosou)c0:b:3gg*,fimi kzcrjyh(8 tc/ 0,000


Deduce the stage of the demographic transition model that the population of Zambia was in in 2023.

  Figure
population growth


With reference to the Figure, estimate the doubling time (DT) in years of the human population on Earth starting in 1960.

  In 2018, the UN estimates 55% of the human populm5 9(qcs.5 sfhm3 dk8eh 3qxvcation lived in cities. This percentage is expected to grow to 68% by .mhq9cs8fm3(xc qd es k3 5hv52050.

List the consequences of urbanisation for population growth.

I.
Decreased growth due to higher cost of raising children in cities
II.
Increased growth due to improved access to medical facilities
III.
Increased growth due to improved access to education
IV.
Decreased growth due to improved access to jobs

  Figure: Global Soil Degradationml;hl di /je,)

Estimate what percent of the African continent is experiencing soil degradation.

  Figure: Fact file ons ulg 3 hgloyh(6ac87+/oycv. human population

In 1999, the human population was 6 billion.
In 2011, the milestone of 7 billion was reached.
In 2022, 8 billion people inhabited Earth.
In 2014, the UN predicted that we would reach between 9.6 and 12.3 billion people by 2100 and continue growing somewhat after that.
In 2022, the UN predicted a maximum of 10.4 billion people in the 2080s.
Suggest which reason does not explain the differences between the UN projections.

  Figure: Number of child deaths in selected countrizdq4 pjk he4m )(*o2nzes 1951 to 2021

Deduce which of the countries shown experienced the largest decrease in child deaths between 1951 and 2021.

  Figure: Number of child deaths in se zzr0sybcm l7s1z* 9+elected countries 1951 to 2021


Determine which of the following is least likely to explain why China experienced a sudden increase in deaths in 1960.

  The fertility rate and the crude death ratz0u 66a1z:u:4h 3fvetz s sphte are influenced by a range of factors. e3v4: s1: a6hfhtzu6ptzs0zu

Deduce which of the following factors are placed correctly.

  Identify which of the following is not part of the theories of boy av-n*ymwa;* th Malthus and Bo**n- mway;v ayserup.

  State which of the following is an example of(igo1o; gz1 lz .kbgy g 550 rnnyfk.;tm8p6ln a cultural factor influencing populg r;zy gif5t 1g1k l5.0m6gb.n8k(ypnn;looz ation growth.

  Figure: Population pyramid graph fogl4n8n+e4 jjd +quwm(r Eswatini (2017)

Using the figure, estimate how many people in Eswatini were under the age of 20 in 2017.