1. Red-green colour blindness is caused by an X-linked recessive: -s lzb6;bdyoo*rupg9* dy a+pwh8 /p allele. In the pedigree chart below which individuals must be carrp by w-pya8dhp:bl+g d6/z ;ou9 *o*sriers of the red-green colour blindness allele?

  2. If the parents in the pedigr r 32h1e2.y1 iibxa bbfv.w 0v9l(pxmu5 9lrhoee chart above had a fourth child who was female, what wouldv0bxo (.ib9 . 1f3h9awmxp 2uhbryv2il 5 rle1 be the probability that she was colour blind?

  3. In Labrador dogs, black coat is domih b g(jctv :v0r5kk)ka2f ,8bfnant over chocolate coat. The genotype of a black male labrador is unknown. How can the genotype of this bla(aftr8k2bg50)kk jf ,h: v bvcck Labrador be determined?

  4. Which of the following best defines the term, “jmqd5zk :4+0vlviv u 80pw, yigene”?

  5. Phenylketonuria (PKU) is an inherited human disease caused by a recessive aup mgau 1tu7n(gek*az yz- *dv8d*8qe4tosomal allele in a gene which codes for an enzyme needed to convert pheny*v18t d-7 dg4yz*n qmeaa*z8euu k(gp lalanine to tyrosine. The PKU allele produces a non-functional enzyme.
Which of the following statements are correct?
I. Two parents heterozygous for the condition could have a child with PKU.
II. If the mother of the child is homozygous and not affected by PKU, her children will not be affected.
III. The polypeptide sequence of the enzyme of an affected person is identical to a person without the condition.
IV. Two parents who are not affected with PKU cannot have a child with the disorder.

I. Identify which of tpc,ncay +- (.6 9kagnrfypw qgf,26q she alleles, yellow or green, is dominant.

ii. Deduce the genotype of theonl+dtd ,t*nmwiimj ;fx;2gv :q0 2jf ze4a5 ; offspring.

Iii. Construct a Puncv ug(69w;dv:u3gd/f zl6wxy net grid to show the cross between two offspring plants of the F1 gen /wcwz69u fg;vvdl36gu:(x y deration.

Iv. Deduce the phenotypic ratio for the offsprinphp() sqofszr( n;6hal;6 pn3g of the F1 cross.

7. Amand has a daughter with Padmavathi. Amandv7c-v( y uf.2cc *dt-it1mdj g is blood group A, Padmavathi is blo(ifm u1yvc. vcd- g7 *t2jd-tcod group B, and their daughter is blood group O. They are having a second child, a son.
Deduce the probability that their unborn son will be blood group O. Explain your working.

8. Explain how inheritance and environmental factors can y2mw97hgwnjkhk (+7b interact in a phenotype to cause the appearance of human skin 7 gbjh(nw9hmk k7y+w2 colour.

a. Deduce genotypes for the three 5 8lv9obrvw6h4hqh ew dh2wr4ko2 , b5coat colour phenotypes in these cattle.
Use the symbols $C^W$ for the white coat allele, and $C^R$for red coat allele.

b. Deduce the parental genotypes of the cow in the imageb:j-at f:o ;,cubp/7z ntoy e5.
Use P for the allele for polled and p for the allele for horns.

c. The roan colour, polled cow in the image is mated with a white coat. toxv07xr fn2, horned buntxo v .0fx2r7ll.
Construct a Punnett square showing all possible phenotypes of the offspring.

10. The pedigree chart shows ABO blood group alleles and their genotype for nx.a1s rqrrc(tn; ab.q ) pou(4ail-patella syndrome, an inherited cab)xtr4(; oqurn (p1 ..crs aqondition. The individuals 1, 3, and 4 in row III are recombinants. Image by D.B. Pylypiv.

Use the pedigree chart to explain the meaning of gene linkage.