1. Red-green colour blindness is caused by an X-linked recessive allele. Iofd iu8i/+eh 3ze15sl bzdps0*g,n 6o n the pedigree chart below which individuh d+l/gep efs0,3zuz bo651s*od i8inals must be carriers of the red-green colour blindness allele?

  2. If the parents in the pedigree chart above had a fou03cbis9c/y lxi- b u+krth child who was female, what would be the probability that she was colour blinscu/i0kx9b+bl c- yi3d?

  3. In Labrador dogs, black coat is dominant over chocolate coat. The g*.nq libgm sffrfwm,* (b,1 y/o a6p0genotype of a black male lf*g,mfoi./pa *w0gmbf,nrl yb6s1 q(abrador is unknown. How can the genotype of this black Labrador be determined?

  4. Which of the following best defines the term, “gene”?rg1yxeja,fh ji05xa 6ai.7v (

  5. Phenylketonuria (PKU) is an inherited human 53lg hiqo+ivd5:4 e mpdisease caused by a recessive autosomal allele in a gene which codes for an enzyme needed to converto 4g5l iihpd+:qm3v e5 phenylalanine to tyrosine. The PKU allele produces a non-functional enzyme.
Which of the following statements are correct?
I. Two parents heterozygous for the condition could have a child with PKU.
II. If the mother of the child is homozygous and not affected by PKU, her children will not be affected.
III. The polypeptide sequence of the enzyme of an affected person is identical to a person without the condition.
IV. Two parents who are not affected with PKU cannot have a child with the disorder.

I. Identify which of thf ocw4 (/tu;wf(gx ;0s7f upsye alleles, yellow or green, is dominant.

ii. Deduce the genotype of thz a+p 9bez/n-me offspring.

Iii. Construct a Punnet gridyaw7eys+see *k /6 wr8 to show the cross between two offspring plants of the F1 generrs67eayee +/ 8kw* wysation.

Iv. Deduce the phenotypic r dexu5.*x,vt 8o7p5 ou fwgnj9 5qc8neatio for the offspring of the F1 cross.

7. Amand has a daughter with Padmavathi. Amand is blood group A, Padmavc/ 1r e: ,:)dgws of30)tdvtydane x5iathi is blood group B, and their daughter is blood group O. They are having a second cdtrv5/ so:ie)xte0d fy,1gnca d:) w3hild, a son.
Deduce the probability that their unborn son will be blood group O. Explain your working.

8. Explain how inheritance and environm.(9mqn d qzvw2ental factors can interact in a phenotype to cause the ad z.2mn(9qvqw ppearance of human skin colour.

a. Deduce genotypes for thj1k8(veiadjh - 8cpw0nja0a 5e three coat colour phenotypes in these cattle.
Use the symbols $C^W$ for the white coat allele, and $C^R$for red coat allele.

b. Deduce the parental genotypes ofi7 )cjyk xh/ek 4c;rwnq:p:vi9,a.hx the cow in the image.
Use P for the allele for polled and p for the allele for horns.

c. The roan colour, polled cow in the image isfe v;ex bu0gf)nk) -h/ mated with a white coat, horned bull. ffuv/-)ghkxen be);0
Construct a Punnett square showing all possible phenotypes of the offspring.

10. The pedigree chart shows ABO blood gro nbyxh. jwj 8eqc d0w+60xs6r-up alleles and their genotype for nail-patella syndrome, an inherited condition. The individuals 1, 3, and 4 in row III are recombinants. Image b680x +b 0w njr-shdcxywq6ej.y D.B. Pylypiv.

Use the pedigree chart to explain the meaning of gene linkage.