Which of Newton's laws besi1 7nr; -y+ fidtixnsbng7,7it explains why motorists should buckle-up?

  When you sit on a chair, the result6bf irk +-oghl+ar )6aant force on you is

  In the absence of an external force,wq+ob+ n +xi.l3o (lemi47pqj a moving object will

  When the rocket engines on the starship NO-PAIN-NO-GAIN ierj znvas-.)v81 3 h1gssak7are suddenly turned off, while traveling in empty spaceskr1)javng1 es-a 7h .s iv8z3, the starship will

  A rocket moves through empty space in a straight lihjpa+2 1eh o*f*5s umtne with constant speed. It is far from the gravitational effect of any star or planet. Under these conditions, the force that must be appl1*hp fh*ue2o 5t+s jmaied to the rocket in order to sustain its motion is

  You are standing in a moving bus, facing forwa:2v -b7spxspp h(2icbrd, and you suddenly fall forward. You can impxps7- b hi(sp2cv2:pbly from this that the bus's

  You are standing in a moving bus,//ty0afaczgwu *r9w6:mpgl 6 facing forward, and you suddenly fall forward as the bus comes to an im g 6w9/fcpar6 t0g/zw:m yula*mediate stop. What force caused you to fall forward?

  A constant net force acts on an objenq 2gx+ lrs;b+ct. Describe the motion of the object.

  The acceleration of an o i -6ip69vt3f-h i(.erjcxthfbject is inversely proportional to

  A net force F accelerates a mass m with an acceleration a. b(kxz ( z7wok72jab.f If the same net force is applied to mass 2m, ba(( xzow k7 kfj.2zb7then the acceleration will be

  A net force F acts on a mass m and produces an accelerk(ez dy4j4 a0b5va-iuvu.(u. yqt vq;ation a. What acceleration results if a net force 2F acts on m;uyaku0.( d.q4 yt(4j vzbq a v-e5vuiass 4m?

  If you blow up a balloon, and then release it, the balx d n c-fq 4s+p(m8bd)fu.yo(tloon will fly away. This is an illustra. -u f( db mtq8y+)dsox4p(ncftion of

  Two cars collide head-on. At every moment during the collision, thyw29 .rue/at3mjaed 6 e magnitude of the force the first car exerts on the second is exactly equal to the magnitude of the force the second car exerts on9ewe y 6/3ja.a tmud2r the first. This is an example of

  If you exert a force F on an object,n lwk1747-vubv1gk a t the force which the object exerts on you wil17ku 7a- vk4tnvbl 1wgl

  Action-reaction forcey9xn za05k3ghp j1lahr;;r / hs

  Action-reaction forces ar gt;sb+n +f0a(et+p lfe

  A 20-ton truck collides with a 1500-lb car andi7ez h p-l-tagcgp;(7 causes a lot of damage to the car. Since a lot of damage is done on the ca-h( pg z-tig;7p7 leacr

  An object of mass m sits on a flat table. The Earth wg3q s.k96ni;tp 4rlgpulls on this object with force mg, which we will call the action force. What is the reaction f4ik ;g6rs qnlwgt 9.p3orce?

  A child's toy is suspended from the ceiling by means of a str ao6h7 j hw2/do,uhat;x93d p*hr*kl3f6fu n ving. The Earth pulls downward on the toy with its weight force of 8.0 N. If this is the "ac6aop dtn*k;l u3oa2v9ufhx h ,wdh 7 r*6f/3hjtion force," what is the "reaction force"?

  Your bat hits the ball pitched to you with a 1yo yg(.8mg) dcv:v:d a :tkkv7500-N instantaneous force. The ball hits the bat:okd. vcdy8(vy: t ) ga7kmv:g with an instantaneous force, whose magnitude is

State Newton's three dr86 j9sw f+kmk )ea,7*r eypblaws.

  Mass and weight

  The acceleration due to gravp7xfb2gp sot*8.in v7 ity is lower on the Moon than on Earth. Which of the following is true about the spt. 7gpi2 f b*87onvxmass and weight of an astronaut on the Moon's surface, compared to Earth?

  An example of a force which acts at a,,hf.toux4hqz r 6ihr ne;0w 5 distance is

  Who has a greater weight to mass ratio, a person weighing 400 N or a persgje z6+ak +bh:on weighing 600 6 z +k:ahje+gbN?

  A stone is thrown straight up. At the top of its path, the net force actrv r6omfr7*4 f/to hh)/x rtj)ing on ir j)x/t vfo rrr)h7t6h*m4fo /t is

  A 20-N weight and a 5.0-N weight are dropped simultaneously from6mho1fn1b4.kvdm+ykysf 8 iew0: p ,w the same height. Ignore air rkif .8mpmb+ w4,ysv:nf01odky6h ew 1esistance. Compare their accelerations.

  A brick and a feather fall to the earth at their respective terminal velocities1q g4p7 e9 koiou;js8w. Which object experienj4i 8 qsk;gu79oe1wpoces the greater force of air friction?

  An object of mass m is hanging by a s46 u j mj+hebj7wvid2fv 0oz:d0cl l9l2x69vltring from the ceiling of an elevator. The elevator is moving upv lvl l22jm v+lb j u:iz6f0xw799dche6o0dj4 at constant speed. What is the tension in the string?

  An object of mass m is hanging by a string from the ceiling of an elevatowob*u tn7+ja8 r. The elevator is moving upward, but slowing down. What is the tension in th8 ja nuo*7wtb+e string?

  The force that keeps you from slaa cc 3s-nfue)5; ux)aiding on an icy sidewalk is

  It's more difficult to start 3rns.q y7lcqj0il)o1 moving a heavy carton from rest than it is to keep pushing it wits7)cyi1l0or qql.jn 3 h constant velocity, because

  A horizontal force accep sczx,5 nc*9tlerates a box from rest across a horizontal surface (friction is present) at a constant rate. The experiment is repeated, and all conditions remain the same with the exception that the horizontal force is doublcptn x ,5cs9z*ed. What happens to the box's acceleration?

  A packing crate slides down an inclined ramp at constant velocity. ub-exfds)q+ em4 :0lq Thus we can 0fxmls u4qe) +e-q: dbdeduce that

  A block of mass M slin jn(*xl14 vysm 2/w9eopair-4r fm l/des down a frictionless plane inclined at an angle q with the horizontal. The normal react/2m9*vf wmnolaprrn 1( 4esj x-4ly/iion force exerted by the plane on the block is

  A block of mass M slides down a frictx u9cydcul 4 ,kac7x4;ionless plane inclined at an angle q with the horizontal. The normal reaction force exerted by the planc;lua79 kuc , x4y4dcxe on the block is directed

  A block of mass M slides down a frictionless p,t**wa*/jizj qcn6c b lane inclined at an angle q with the horizontal. ij*qbj6z/*cc a*n ,twThe gravitational force is directed

  Two toy cars (16 kg and 2.0 kg) are released simultaneously *gk pwj/:b/pjowj3poc ,qa;, on an inclined plane that makes an angle of 30e with the horizontal. Make a statement wp*qwow ,a /jk/;jp ,jp3 obg:chich best describes their acceleration after being released.

  An object sits on a frictionless surfaceu) qhluylyx9ik. 82:nlf6; ya. A 16-N force is applied to the object, :naul9yqyk l 28u)l6.; yfih xand it accelerates at $2.0 \; m/s^2$. What is the mass of the object?

  A sports car of mass 1000 kg can accelerate from rest ywn21 2flp +kyto 27 m/s in 7.0 s. What is the average forward force on the21ywn kf ly2+p car?

  Starting from rest, a 4.0-kg body rt 7jt 4s6edj-beaches a speed of 8.0 m/s in 2.0 s. What is the net force acting 6stbtj d-e74j on the body?

  An antitank weapon fires a 3.00-kg 0, alzn ,pyo8)q5jntcrocket which acquires a speed of 50.0 m/s after travelaotnp,njzq0c85l ,)y ing
90.0 cm down a launching tube. Assuming the rocket was accelerated uniformly, what is the average force acted on it?

  If you push a 4.0-kg mass with the same force that you push a 10-kg mt*;btqdlqy j q:81 ak;ass from reqybtd 1tq;a:j; kq*8lst,

  What is the mass of a person wh s;k (q/dqusg6o weighs 110 lb?

  What is the mass of an object that wem r8h6k-x ov,oighs 250 N on the surface of the Earth where the acceleration due to gravit ,vrmh8xok- 6oy is $9.80 \; m/s^2$?

  An object has a mass of 60 kg on the Earth. What is the masshk wnw:t4e+ q+ of the object on the surface of :+hw4keqwtn + the Moon where the acceleration due to gravity is only 1/6 of that on the Earth?

  Object A weighs 40 N on Earth, and object B weighs 40 N on the Moon. The Moon'ae1**c7dp. u),.rjpp sugzuz xqf9p+s gravity is one sixth of Earth's. +rd.u fpe*9u *jzz ,cq.s1)pup7px ag Compare the masses of the objects.

  Sue and Sean are having a tug-of-war by pulling on opposite ends of a 5.0-kg rlq z+ ; zwoxso g*:;o4em+f,tjope. Sue pulls with a 15-N force. What is Sean's force if the rope acce:s*+;4 o q zg;ozjm+lexfotw, lerates toward Sue at $2.0 \; m/s^2$?

  A stack of books rests on a level frictionless surface. A forces: ,v (mp;qflu F acts on the stack, av,pql(;:um sfnd it accelerates at $3.0 \; m/s^2$. A 1.0 kg book is then added to the stack. The same force is applied, and now the stack accelerates at $2.0 \; m/s^2$. What was the mass of the original stack?

  A person of weight 480 N stands on a scale in c4fss*zl)n e8i4 f7- j*kdeyjan elevator. What will the scale be readind7ncy *s-je84k f4*sze lijf )g when the elevator is accelerating downward at $4.00 \; m/s^2$?

  A person on a scale rides i hzmd5 lrt o 804x4ce6j/h3soxn an elevator. If the mass of the person is 60.0 kg and the elevator accelerates do zo 4 h 6r8cmd/h4lt3j5eox0xswnward with an acceleration of $4.90 \; m/s^2$, what is the reading on the scale?

  A person on a scale rides in an elevator. If the mass of the person is 60(a hk35awgf +feq2g7b.0 kg and the elevator accelerates upward with an acceleration2bfw+h3 a5kf(agqg 7e of $4.90 \; m/s^2$, what is the reading on the scale?

  Two horizontal forces act on a 5.0- cduh wt33cx(-b/a j o;*:xlgakg mass. One force has a magnitude of 8.0 N and is directed due north. The second force towc*a; (-lochuwxj 3:/ gt dba3xard the east has a magnitude of 6.0 N. What is the acceleration of the mass?

  An object of mass 6000 kg rests on the flato yv/ upmetcv3j9xx lf-mky1 2+b+.l 9bed of a truck. It is held in place by metal brackets that can exert a maximum horizontal force of 9000 N. When the truck is traveling 15 m/s, what is the minimum stopping distance if thepvlyc3l o.f+e9+9 xmbx2 m vt-kj/u1 y load is not to slide forward into the cab?

  An object of mass 6000 kglkkzs//mk)r9fkl, 1 e rests on the flatbed of a truck. It is held in place by metal brack9k/sl ,k l1 )mkkf/rezets that can exert a maximum horizontal force of 9000 N. When the truck is traveling 15 m/s, what is the minimum stopping time if the load is not to slide forward into the cab?

  In the Atwood machine shown in Fig. 4-1, if M = 0.60 kg and ( 3ub i tvkm.m0fx-(rwm = 0.40 kg, what is the magnitude of the acmtfimvx ( b-u0wk3(r. celeration of the system? (Ignore friction and the mass of the pulley.)

  In the Atwood machine shown in Fig. 4-1, if M = osvq jq,dln9, ,gv9 l*0.60 kg and m = 0.40 kg, what is the tension in the string? (Ignore friction and the mass of tv ,*9sjd9,ngl,q oqvl he pulley.)

  A student pulls a box of books on a smooth horizontal floor with a force oyg if(fn:8iax*) m0 ygf 100 N in a fmya :0yng*gfx 8) ii(direction of $37^{\circ}$ above the horizontal. If the mass of the box and the books is 40.0 kg, what is the acceleration of the box?

  A student pulls a box of books on a smooth horizontal floor with nn.aa )7g,unk nyl 0qfq yt*;p/d(,kd a force of 100 N in a direction of 37.0e above the horizontal. If the mass of the box and the books is 40.0 kg, what is the normal force gk 0 ;,q u(,nn/q)fyt7p k*.nadlynad on the box?

  A traffic light of weight 100 N is supported by two ropjkfv:u; . l( onx(s,uaes as shown in Fig. 4-2. What are the tensions in the r:o aj u(nxlsvu.k(, ;fopes?

  In Fig. 4-2, if the tensions in the ropes are 50 N, what is the ma0hg *d qvqzn3eqg2* ;gss of the trafh ;v0gqq en 32qg*gdz*fic light?

  Two boxes of masses m and 2m are in contact with each otku(*5;u hl.hlf9we fqher on a frictionless surface. (See Fig. 4-3.) What is the acceleration of the mo9ukuwl;f *hef5 qh( .lre massive box?

  Two boxes of masses m and 2m are in contact witm0zldk m )o lqj,uy63*h each other on a frictionless surface. (See Fig. 4-3.) What is the net force on )mo,6qk30 uljy* mzdlthe more massive box?

  Two boxes of masses m and 2m are con2 xs56ymi g1gsnected by a rope. (See Fig. 4-4.) If the forigg16y25sxms ward force on the more massive box is F, what is the tension in the connecting rope?

  Two boxes of masses m and 2m are conue /kl.askcg9/i)m * 3 js6ejgt )dza6nected by a rope. (See Fig. 4-4.) If the forward force on the more massive box 3st)m/i agjacl*)ek. /je9 ksd6 ugz6is F, what is the acceleration of the less massive box?

Two boxes are connected by a cord running over a pulleygc6fl tz)a 7:y as shown in Fig. 4-5. Box :a zycg l6tf)7I of mass
8.0 kg rest on the top of the table; the coefficient of kinetic friction between box I and the table is 0.10. Box II has a mass of 15.0 kg.
(a) Draw the free-body diagrams for the two boxes, identifying all of the forces acting on each of the masses.
(b) Calculate the acceleration of the system.
(c) Calculate the tension in the cord.

  The coefficient of static and kinetic frictions between a 3.0-kg box and 1rmd /ofe zam e)n:d )rfsd32dj* :q.fa desk are mz:qdf*dd)mf3fn oj1s)/raree . :d2 0.40 and 0.30, respectively. What is the net force on the box when a 15 N horizontal force is applied to the box?

  The coefficients of static and kin(, nb0n ek : )n/mpzs.j-+q8d9vpc bvsh:gscmetic frictions for plastic on wood are 0.50 and:.n ns9ses j(b) k n-hmdzvc/pbv8g mc0+ :q,p 0.40,
respectively. How much horizontal force would you need to apply to a 3.0 N plastic calculator to start it moving from rest?

  An object slides on a level surface in the +x2orule/ eb)re auz884st(3a w direction. It slows and comes to a stop with a constant accele8 owtl4bre )u8e3 z2r/ eaa(usration of -$2.45 \; m/s^2$. What is the coefficient of kinetic friction between the object and the floor?

  A 10-kg box sitting on a horizontal surface is pulled by a 5.0-N force. ut+lvb3.3zf; ilk v:d A 3.0-N friction force retards the motion. What is the accelev;ib3 tdv :flk.+lzu3 ration of the object?

  A horizontal force of 5.0 N accelerates a 4.0-kg masq5n2miunf i4 r veus1;, e(t*zs, from rest, at a rate of $0.50 \; m/s^2$ in the positive direction. What friction force acts on the mass?

  During a hockey game, a puck is given ano* rfskuv3q6.t 4fg/ l initial speed of 10 m/s. It slides 50 m on the ice bvff t r3ols6k.g4/qu *efore it stops. What is the coefficient of kinetic friction between the puck and the ice?

  During the investigation of a traffic accident, police find skid marks 90.0hd4j *g, 0aazqz:. irgk(h rjtz*:q huy/:g2c m long. They determine the coefficient of friction between the car's tires and the roadway to be 0.500 for the prevailing cgy/*.h :tzuj0 (gz g z4:hr*cda jki2,hq:ar qonditions. Estimate the speed of the car when the brakes were applied.

  Two boxes of masses m and 3m are stacked. (See Fig. 4-6.) Thapd+ rrzi -,f*e surface between the more massive box and the horizontal surface is smooth and the surface between the boxes is rough. If the less massive box does pfr*-,z iad+rnot slide on the more massive box, what is the static friction force on the less massive box?

  Two boxes of masses m and 3m are stacked. (See Fig. 4-6.) The si1b26i abz gb 1ciambr:y -1-xurface between the more massive box and the horizontal surface is smooth and the surfa-2aibc - r:m1g i6b1bxaby zi1ce between the boxes is rough. If the less massive box does not slide on the more massive box, what is the coefficient of static friction between the boxes?

  An object is on a frictionless inclined plane. Thelio uzo/ma+(, plane is inclined at an angle oo,u+ia(z/om lf $30^{\circ}$ with the horizontal. What is the object's acceleration?

  A 10-kg mass slides down a fo dum -f;lvn t-e;ps,+f)fe5 hlat hill that makes an angle of $10^{\circ}$ with the horizontal. If friction is negligible, what is the resultant force on the sled?

  A mass is placed on a c,puj /*a)r 4ddx 74xhthv2n,tr z5ijsmooth inclined plane with an angle of $37^{\circ}$ to the horizontal. If the inclined plane is 5.0-m long, how long does it take for the mass to reach the bottom of the inclined plane after it is released from rest?

A block lies on a smooth incla3*:j)hnzk6r t9jywy ined plane tilted at an angle of $35^{\circ}$ to the horizontal.
(a) Draw the free-body diagram for the block.
(b) Determine the block's acceleration as it slides down the inclined plane.
(c) If the block started from rest 8.5 m up the incline from its base, determine the block's speed when it reaches the bottom of the incline.
(d) How long did it take the block to reach the bottom of the inclined plane?

  A wooden block slides directly down an inclined plane, oe2(trjxn y6 /2g ty8c*iaj;oat a constant velocity ofx c6t*a /j2et8ry;oyj 2 in(og 6.0 m/s.
What is the coefficient of kinetic friction, if the plane makes an angle of $25^{\circ}$ with the horizontal?

  An object with a mass m slides down a +k72ymvq g dn0rough $37^{\circ}$ inclined plane where the coefficient of kinetic friction is 0.20. What is the acceleration of the object?

  An object with a mass m slides down a rougq kgew/ ,cv0n* y7mit2h $37^{\circ}$ inclined plane where the coefficient of kinetic friction is 0.20. If the plane is 10 m long and the mass starts from rest, what will be its speed at the bottom of the plane?

  A bulldozer drags a log weighing 500 N along a rough surfacexbyavd/i h9 y r4 8xrkj7d1v4,. The cable attached to the log makes an j8,4xdyavr 4vx 1/7hdby kri 9angle of $30.0^{\circ}$ with the ground. The coefficient of static friction between the log and the ground is 0.500. What minimum tension is required in the cable in order for the log to begin to move?

A 25.0-kg box is released from rest on hwh+,7srz,a3cm da- ga rough inclined plane tilted at an angle of -gda awch7,,z3+rh sm$33.5^{\circ}$ to the horizontal. The coefficient of kinetic friction between the box and the inclined plane is 0.200.
(a) Draw the free-body diagram for the box.
(b) Determine the force of kinetic friction acting on the box.
(c) Determine the acceleration of the box as it slides down the inclined plane.

  An object is placed on an inclined plane. The angle of incline is graduall,gajo :lv2+x uy increased until the object begins to slide. The angle at which this occurs is q. What is the coefficient of static friction between the object,+:lga ojvux2 and the plane?