1. Which of the following could be part of the description of a forest rz7 yi-9dxgwe n)* y,1l9lksahabitat on a mountain?xwers)y-z9dngi 7y *9llk1 a ,
I. The community in the forest.
II. The population of a species.
III. The annual mean rainfall.
IV. The location of the mountain range

  2. Which of the followingpoqb 1,u*ybrmt 16mv , are conditions required for coral reef formation in an ot m*qub,p mr1vb 61,yocean?
I. Appropriate salinity of the water.
II. The presence of coral grazing species.
III. The annual mean temperature of the ocean between 22 and 27°C.
IV. The depth of the water allows sunlight to reach the reef.

  3. Which one of the fol2fqyzz,z dd 7ay: x2,jlowing is a correct feature of a tundra biome but not for a taiga z:2y y d2x ajfd,7,zqzbiome?

  4. What is the best description of the limits of tolerance of arjh0 ;1k,rl4gseo 4q-yb qm 8e species?

(a) Divided leaves

(b) Low stomatal deny8d:siy)2uxb1( lvursity

(c) Leaves at the top ofwf, 4p5,yse4 oi8g xq+kztl5w tall stems.

(a) List the two abiotic factors that arev8iniut 2df0 ) the determinants of the type of terrestrd 8)uf2init0 vial biome.

(b) Suggest one example of an area occupied by one3q 5s56y-6doxy- le fw1nc cht these biomes that may change due to global warming. Suggest a reason why tcehl 3xw-sq 5y d1of6ntc5-y6his change may happen.

7. Borislava is an ecologist. She is responsible for xb5: a6 0suyhfthe protected areas of a beach on the Mediterranean coast of Spain. The area is protected because there are populations of rare plants adapted to the sand dune habitat which is a hosti 0s5yabhu6 f:xle environment for many plant species. The conservation areas are each of approximately 100x50m.

Explain how to carry out a line transect to monitor the distribution of plants in this part of the beach.

8. Outline three ways in which plants av*khdszv51 q- joid being consumed by herbivorous animals* vdj zks5hq-1.