1. Which of the following could be part of the description of a forejmn 41b6bfn k8f ;z5nxst habitat on a f1mbnj8 f nn46;zkbx5mountain?
I. The community in the forest.
II. The population of a species.
III. The annual mean rainfall.
IV. The location of the mountain range

  2. Which of the followiqk1 .z90xzgfa2nmr- w ng are conditions required for coral reef formation in an ocean1ng2zmq rx -az 09fk.w?
I. Appropriate salinity of the water.
II. The presence of coral grazing species.
III. The annual mean temperature of the ocean between 22 and 27°C.
IV. The depth of the water allows sunlight to reach the reef.

  3. Which one of the fn4;zi. ian8 dnollowing is a correct feature of a tundra biome but not for a taigai .n z8dia4nn; biome?

  4. What is the best des 3l2 uz3*yhsbycription of the limits of tolerance of a species?

(a) Divided leaves

(b) Low stomatal densichwq0;ul4( w2ekk3w3beab.ll36te o ty

(c) Leaves at the top of talle m1xw6yy wy*q509v qkev+ z5j stems.

(a) List the two abiotic factors that are the det 1xqedn,74:dpdj 35jk8fdhs+ fa pl+ierminants of the type of terrestd1q+h dfsje7nd54d83pj i,flx+a kp:rial biome.

(b) Suggest one example of an area occupied by one these biomes that may changel*moe ll n3w+n;vr:i7 due to global warming. Suggest a reason why this change mayl:e;nwn lolr* +mi37 v happen.

7. Borislava is an ecologist. She is responsible for the protected areg8ai p g8s3 y5oe6n2pbas of a beach on the Mediterranean coast of Spain. The area is protected because there are populations of rare plants adapted to the sand dune habitegn pbi8sg 5368yao2p at which is a hostile environment for many plant species. The conservation areas are each of approximately 100x50m.

Explain how to carry out a line transect to monitor the distribution of plants in this part of the beach.

8. Outline three ways in which plants avoid being covv +7uh k;7fzznsumed by herbivorous animals ;zh+vkuv7fz7 .