1. Which of the following could bewc/l skn4(l3 d47mtal part of the description of a forest habitat on 4nms l 47lk(tcd/w3 laa mountain?
I. The community in the forest.
II. The population of a species.
III. The annual mean rainfall.
IV. The location of the mountain range

  2. Which of the following are conditions required for coral reef formae sw 9eag,l01qtion in an oceaqgl 019wae s,en?
I. Appropriate salinity of the water.
II. The presence of coral grazing species.
III. The annual mean temperature of the ocean between 22 and 27°C.
IV. The depth of the water allows sunlight to reach the reef.

  3. Which one of the following is a correct feature of a tundra biome but no 8vb;z.)t an*kcj3sttt for a taiga biom8tbc j3kntavst*;). ze?

  4. What is the best description of the limits of tolerance of a specikuq/g +w cix o96z*b0,j*oz aces?

(a) Divided leaves

(b) Low stomatal densit;lg m7qlh7h0ey

(c) Leaves at the top of tall stems.rt6+/0oe)cjn/: s lrnn w pk7k

(a) List the two abioticg o+v8:27 np6buf hxis factors that are the determinants of the type of terrestrial82 :6xn bogp +vhsfu7i biome.

(b) Suggest one example of an area occupied by one these biomes that may n4umv m. rmr2j3xs wn46tp+j8 change due to global warming. Suggest3rv wutm24 mj6s8npmj r 4.n+x a reason why this change may happen.

7. Borislava is an eh0w8be sl8i 6vcologist. She is responsible for the protected areas of a beach on the Mediteriv0wlhe 88 sb6ranean coast of Spain. The area is protected because there are populations of rare plants adapted to the sand dune habitat which is a hostile environment for many plant species. The conservation areas are each of approximately 100x50m.

Explain how to carry out a line transect to monitor the distribution of plants in this part of the beach.

8. Outline three ways in which plants avoid being consumbe ;4z :z4uzxned by herbivorous animals :z 4z4eunxb;z.