1. Which of the following are roles of sg mv6/vi7 :c vi xh-a9a 4a:dgfum2u0qtem cells in living organisms?
I. Growth of new organs.
II. Replacement of damaged cells.
III. Production of cells which could differentiate.
IV. Produce new stem cells by mitosis.

  2. Which of the folla37 tc-g 4h drwu.+ufwowing correctly describe the differentiated cells in an individual plant such as the golden barrel cactusbarrel (wfr-u 3 wuth7dc4.ag +Echinocactus grusonii) shown in the image?

  3. What are essential propertie/ ubf5c i26khis of stem cells?

  4. What is the cause of stem cells differentiating along different pathways to ph4p4 cg7jc9imroduce jpgc7i49 hmc4 a variety of differentiated cells?

a. Use the graph to estimate the volume of a liver celljh)yjgj(i 1;hc )6 qpx.

b. The image is of c;sp(uwi/ 6rnmg( xat1 2bcvs,ardiac muscle.

Cardiac muscle cells have a mean length of 100 µm and an estimated volume of 8000 µm3.
Explain why the cell length and volume ratios are not constant for all cell types.

c. Suggest one reason why a human ovum has specialized 9.+g o0exerqu to have a large volume.

d. Estimate the mean length of a cell with a volume of 1000 89luz segng-g 3*ip/ myvcq 95µm3 using the trend line on lsggc5un iv* 9gep/8 my9z q3-the graph.

e. The horizontal error bars represckei/ d kf3)b:ent standard deviation. Suggest what the standard fkiek/ b c:3d)deviation signifies.

f. Simplified models are commonly used to invek/0oi7:wgzu49az bk o stigate scientific phenomena.
Outline the limitations in the use of a sphere to model surface area to volume ratio in cells.

6. Using examples from human tissues,bqd iw tk3s(a2e;4r /6( nea1eyulf/b distinguish between pluripotent, totipotent and multipotent st(e2r byn /laeqk3d;et1afw( u 4b/6 siem cells.

7. Explain the role of stem cells in a multicellg*6sn)0 f* qot0cl fexular organism.

(a) Explain why a large surface area to volume ratio can increase cell effic68i8jilbg*q nc+hwqe (6m j :tiency.l6*w6:hmqq e8ictn+jj(i bg8

(b) Describe, using two specific examp. . r0zrz0 jbm;e d.yo3vxhdlij n/(4tles, how cell adaptation can increase surface area to vir;x.tz j4o/(v 3hrmd.z.n 0ejb0dylolume ratio in a specialised cell.

(c) Many tissues found in plants are compound tissues, such as phloem thgrd5p49; u c lf*qha)issue shown in the image. Phloem tissue transports organic nutrients from their site of production (often, thhqf4hdr p5uc)ag ;l* 9e leaf) to sites of storage or metabolism (often flowers or roots)

Compound tissues consist of several different cell types, simple tissues of only one cell type.
Outline why many tissues in multicellular organisms have more than one cell type in the tissue