What is the correct definition 7c6c. +.guq lsim b0j4n/w*i4eil ixvof a gene pool?

  Which would not cause changesg 9x+(yf 5pobx to the allele frequency within a population?

  Which of the following idyy148fde5o.,d-rr7i- u,c xpmsh ny ientifies a similarity and difference between natural selectir.7-1 yuc myrfx-y5dp i os8, n4de,hion and selective breeding?

  As pollution levels rise, the trees that the peppered moth (B ,jz/nmor 843 w6q fz7;xt50zhkbeqbmiston betularia) lives on will become darker. What5nqzheko7 z; 0zwm 4jtfx8rmq/b3, 6b effect will this have on the peppered moth population numbers?

  Which option lists examples of evidence that can be used to support them e4(i6d 7t+ocbv yi0dmklb* 2-tf+ fe7mupd( theory of ekt +ple7 t6*-e+(f iu0(dbmfddmvbm 7co2yi4volution?

  Which statement(s) about natural selecti;ai;jlpyva-z /f9r 5aon is/are true?
I. Learned behaviour changes over time.
II. Individuals that are better adapted are more likely to survive.
III. It decreases the frequency of characteristics that make individuals better adapted.

  Which statement is true of punctspe;5o fln2v tc+9ndk,k lz6:uated equilibrium?

  The graph shows the relationship between the adod qqr:a y344tr3 uv.zum rn.;ult neck length of Masai giraffes (G. tippelskirchi) and the average lifespan. What type of selection is shown:v 3 4ry3zrqun4a t.orum q.d; by the graph?

  Which of the following could lead to the development of antibiotj 06p,zq,7vskxs0n q7 -rs mehic resistance?

  The peppered moth (Biston betul32ka/ 2qk7klh0u vqk haria) is often used as an example when discussing 3vq huahk/k lkk0q2 27industrial melanism.

Which of the following is responsible for the increase in the proportion of the melanic form during the industrial revolution?
I. Increased mutation rate
II. Natural selection
III. Sexual selection

  How does gradual divergenp 6.qaxypy8- ma7n9a3k c*fsbce provide evidence for evolution?

  In a population of finches, the frequency of finches with larg ycp3eo -y5cq7* h9rhae beaks has increas3-yc 5ehp y*orca h97qed relative to the frequency of finches with small beaks. What could have been a cause for this?

1.Outline the possible causes of changes to a gene pool. x* 8)wbp j9l ol2; 8gak/wuuvi

2.Suggest one possible cause of the gene pool getting smaller.

3.Explain how a small gene pool could have a detrimental effect on a population.

  Which of the following is/are example(s) of selective breeding? 93. grr7g uasp
I. A puppy is taught to sit.
II. Cows that produce high volumes of milk have been crossed with cows that have large amounts of meat.
III.Development of antibiotic resistance in bacteria.

The diagram shows how t3zq-wtz -q ze04,ou fohe effect of growing bacteria with different antibiotics can be investigated. A study was conducted to test the degree of antibiotic resistance that bacteria from a hospital door handle had developed. Measurements of the zone of inhibition were taken every 3 days, for 15 4o3- 0z qu -to,zefzqwdays.



1.State which antibiotic is the least effective at preventing bacterial growth.

2.State two variables that must be controlled in this experiment, other than those already given.

3.1.Identify the anomalous result from the study.

3.2.Suggest how the anomalous result may have arisen.

4.Explain how natural selection can lead to antibiotic resistance in bacteria.

5.The researchers suggested that vancomycin could be used more extensively to treat bacterial infections. Discuss to what extent you agree with this.

Sickle cell anaemia is a trait bn6vr g:1vhv-6swx(j: zrq8ss :1q ahthat is inherited in a codominant manner. The graph shows the proportions of people who are ho61a vwz1j-6 :s8rr:(gnq hbsq:v xvshmozygous affected (Hb$^S$Hb$^S$ ), homozygous unaffected (Hb$^A$Hb$^A$ ) and heterozygous (Hb$^A$ Hb$^S$ ) for the trait over 50 years in Nigeria, West Africa. Malaria, which is a parasitic disease that infects red blood cells, is prevalent in Nigeria.

1.Using the graph, explain whether the sickle cell trait is likely to be in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium.

2.1Describe the trends observed in the graph.

2.2.Suggest a reason for the trend in heterozygotes found in this malaria infected region of Africa.

3.The frequency of the recessive allele in the population was found to be 0.62, calculate the frequency of the dominant allele in the population.

4.1.Assuming that this population is in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium, predict what would happen to the frequency of recessive alleles in the population over 50 more years.

4.2.Outline a reason for your answer.

5.Explain why, under ‘real world’ conditions, it is difficult for organisms to be in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium.

  The graph shows the nuh7s; jg -glsu c2ikn41 3wsx+hmber of female African elephants (Loxodonta africana) born without tusks in Gorongosa National Park. How does nuxw2s 7i3j gsg c+-nlh4 ;1hskatural selection explain the trend shown in the graph?

  In the Indian ocean, sand coloured oysters blend intyvs el1 *wfz13s,4ez63jv y olo rocks in the sand bar and dark coloured oysters oje z s3* yzesv4, 1lvfwy61l3blend better into the deepest parts of the ocean. What type of selection is this an example of?

  Which of the following statements best d2z / 9bm os dcfz;5w9su+wnyar8:,wthescribes an analogous structure?

  Based on the structure of each forelimb shown below, which one is likely to 6hs :6: dma yr2ddakk*be analogoardm6k a6*dd2: :ks yhus?

  Which are examples of dire;rz0l ed45al6dnf2dm6pnj g:ctional selection?
I. Human babies with an average birth weight are more likely to survive than those that are below or above average
II. Black peppered moths are more likely to survive than lighter moths in industrial areas as they can camouflage better
III. Larger salmons are fished, resulting in the better survival of smaller salmons

  Which is not an example of natural selection -ut/b9cwlcgk )i0*7w(yipdmp a;u w+hv r*m;?

  Broad-leaved plants are oftezj u 0-w9.jpuj4mw gx6tjy: 8in found near the ground in tropical rainforests. Which characterp 8:jwxt-u j0.jmj96iy zu4gw istic of the leaf is an example of a useful adaptation?

  Which bird’s beak is best adapted fo1lx+p5yfn*-( l wbe*mjhyw1f r sucking nectar from flowers?

  A population of plants with no resistance to her7ztwj 7+pn2jo/idh -cbivores may develop into a population nw72zo- i/t cpjdh+j7 of plants that secrete a compound toxic to herbivores. How could this change occur?

The diagram represents the evolution of featur4*zrbmqlo5 d*g;,x 4 uy)ictwes in the forefoot of horses from the oldest ancestor (a) to modern day horses (e).i dg4l ybzxu 5cro;*4tq*mw ),

1.1.Distinguish between the earliest and most recent forefoot.

1.2.Explain the mechanism through which the horse forefoot has changed over time.

1.3.Suggest what would happen if ancestral horses were brought back and introduced into the wild today. Justify your answer.

2.State the definition of evolution.

3.Different horse breeds exist in varying geographical locations. Suggest one possible way to show that these horses living in different geographical locations were from the same species.

  How does meiosis resulttmpyk1,f+ r xk,1r* qg.fzcl8 in variation?

Darwin’s finches are a group of approximately 18 finches which sham g.7le3kyk a,i8-uytre a common ancestor and are found on the Galapagos islands. Four 7ku,ail myey -g3k8.t of these finches are shown below.

1.1.Explain the differences in beak shape and size shown in the four individuals A, B, C, D.

1.2.State two possible causes of genetic variation between finches found on the same island.

1.3.Discuss the hypothesis that the finches found on different islands are different species.

2.Species tend to produce more offspring than their environment can support. Explain how this contributes to natural selection.

  Which of the following is augw3p6pqg6* not an example of speciation?

1.Describe how mutats bl4g83jz 0 7a f(2/qnv9a teebyg.ylions can result in natural selection.

2.Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of a population producing more offspring than the environment can support.

3.Explain how the misuse of antibiotics can lead to the development of bacterial resistance.

  Evolutionary fitness is au.7fr8 g.d+ 459llcinp nenct term used to describe adaptations. Which of the following best des54nl d.e7tnn r8fic+9lgup .ccribes the term evolutionary fitness?