Which term describes the splitting of water molecules in the 5i zlm:d*3 w,hfog15lz 8ra wupresence of light to produce electrons, hydrogen ions and oxygen molecu1a:, zo l zwlrdfmh5i*3 8gwu5les?

  Which of the following is involved in carbon +/fkye*jn9nths l,)v9)y lspfixation during photosynthesis?

  The diagram below shows an ei )ay(96 aq/r7zdhlw qxperiment investigating the effect of temperature on the rate of photosynthesis. Which of the following is not a method of keeping a controlled variable at a constant value throughout this paraldq(/ z7i hy69qw)a rticular experiment?

  What does X represent? :yknnea, v7c( k1vny;

  The Hill reaction shows electron transfer in isolated 3d2/piic r78 o-i asidchloroplasts for the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis. A blue csri opa7 i38/id-d2idye, DCPIP (2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol) is used instead of the natural final electron acceptor. What is the final electron acceptor in photosynthesis?

  The micrograph below shows part of a chloroplast in/gg)m 2/;-os / ,shh atdloyfb a leaf.Which of the following struct lot gfb2h); /m /-sdo,ysag/hures are found in the part of a chloroplast labelled X?
I.Photosystem I
II.ATP Synthase
III.Ribosomes

  This graph shows the rate of photosyntheoueu,j8.7c ufsis at different temperatures.

What conclusion can be made?

  The graph shows the effecjkcr3.3zfmhg -k o; 2tt of light intensity on the rate of photosynthesis.

What can be concluded from the results presented in this graph?

  The following processes occur in the: hylt mp7he 2t 8(ae10hi2zwf Calvin cycle.
I. Ribulose bisphosphate regeneration
II. Carbon dioxide fixation
III. Glycerate-3-phosphate is reduced to triose phosphate
Which is the incorrect sequence for these processes?

  Which of the following correctly shows where chemioy6sq9g-a)b s hsmosis takes place in photosynthesis and aerobic cell re ysh)-b6q9agsspiration?

Coleus blumei is an attractive housepto 0dnnlp+nsq+:wf6/lant with red leaves.

1.Determine with a reason whether or not this plant is still able to conduct photosynthesis with red leaves.
2.Red leaves absorb and reflect different coloured light than green leaves. Distinguish between red light and green light in the visible spectrum.
3.Outline how limiting factors affect the rate of photosynthesis.
4.Explain how oxygen produced during photosynthesis can be used during respiration

  What is the main source of hydrogen ions in the light-dependent reactions j7t n;d.o.mv cfor photosynd mcn;.ov.7jt thesis?

  Which of the following correctly describes photosynthesis or respiraf**lrqd7bldq( 4pop9 tion?

	Reaction	Products	Anabolic or Catabolic	Endothermic or Exothermic
A	Photosynthesis	Carbon dioxide, water	Catabolic	Exothermic
B	Respiration	Oxygen, glucose	Catabolic	Exothermic
C	Photosynthesis	Oxygen, glucose	Anabolic	Endothermic
D	Respiration	Carbon dioxide, water	Anabolic	Endothermic

  Which type of reaction is occurr 8f m i 7lk b01hn3r-q1wf-g 19nl/fgyrl2rqubing in this light-independent reaction of photosyntqr b/gf ln1f8uyr w7091-ink g3hr-l2 mfq b1lhesis?

  Which structure of the chloroplast is most involved in the 8 h wbiv-zib bnn7mii*510sgv )pa dih81 0w,eproduction of reduced NADP z-mn i001s,)5iw hebw 1vdph8b8iniag7 * ibvand ATP?

The diagram shows the separation of photosynsf/ki7o/l o-jthetic pigments using the thin-layer chromatography (TLC) technique in the solvent propanon /ikjfl s/7o-oe.

1.Identify a pigment that is present in cabbage but not in spinach
2.Outline the method used to extract the pigments from the plant leaves.
3.1Outline what information the Rf value provides in this experiment.
2.Calculate the Rf value of Xanthophyll, showing your working.
4.Spinach also contains Lycopene, an orange/red pigment. Suggest why it is absent from the chromatogram.
5.Deduce, with a reason, what pigment X is.
6.Explain why the origin must be above the solvent at the start of the experiment.
7.Explain why it is important that the TLC plate is held by its edges when setting up this experiment.

In an investigation into the impacts of climate change on the rate of photovdmmdm my s5z2b0u6i.9q /xu0synthesis, pondweed was placed in a number of sealed conical flasks, each containing a solution of water and carbonic acid. xy u602dmbv .9i5umzsm0 /d qm

Each conical flask was placed in a water bath maintained at a constant temperature. At regular time intervals, samples of the solution were taken from each conical flask and measured using a pH probe.

The results are shown in the table.

1.1Identify the dependent and independent variables in this investigation.
1.2State one variable that must be kept constant in this investigation to ensure the results are valid.
2Describe the relationship between the temperature, time and pH of the solution.
3Predict the pH of the dilute carbonic acid solution at $40^{\circ}C$ after 60 minutes.1
4.1Calculate the rate of change in pH between 30 - 40 minutes and 40 - 50 minutes for the trial kept at $40^{\circ}C$.
4.2Suggest a reason for the difference in the rate of change you calculated in (i).
5.Suggest one improvement to the design of this experiment and state whether it would increase the accuracy or reliability of the results.

  Which visible spectrum represents the correct range of wavw*a8bars ;w+ kelengths of light that arr;a *wkasw+b8e absorbed and reflected by chlorophyll for photosynthesis?

Photosynthesis is a process where carbon como,hoi)-thdl y6f f;q .8m (qw.w pqkw;pounds are produced in the presence of i;l wffpot .m()q6,wd y h;qkhoq.8-wlight.
1.Draw and label an action spectrum for photosynthesis in plants.
2.Outline how energy is used to produce glucose from carbon dioxide.
3.Describe an experiment investigating the effect of carbon dioxide concentration on the rate of photosynthesis.

  What is used to genervrnef;05l;lw a/duq a+. -hunate a proton gradient across the thylakoid membrane in the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesishdr - nl+.;n f5wuleu0aqv/;a?

  What is the process that takes place before excited ew5pz djmll09/qc ja.4lectrons are transferred from photosystem IIwj5/0mz lca9pdq jl. 4 to photosystem I?

  In which structure of the chloroplas0 +klv*lm0wm g5n( ivet does ribulose bisphosphate undergo carboxylami(v m00 *nllk we5+vgtion?

  Which products are formed at the end of the light-depwopq e: 6i6d;tendent and light-independent reactions?qp ew66oidt;:

  Thin-layer chromatography can be used to separate photosynthtk2 qx,mzi8e7 jix+s+2 3 suodetic pigments. Below is a diagram showing t xds mekq73xu+ot2,8zs ji+2ihe separation of pigments in this way. Rf values are used to work out what pigments are present in the leaf extracts.
Which of the following are the measurements that need to be taken to calculate the Rf values?

The diagram below shows the ultrastructure of a chip2mb * 6w(dzykel 0v(loroplast.

1.Identify the enzyme that catalyses the process of carbon fixation and is found at Y.
2.Deduce, with a reason, which structure of the chloroplast has the lowest pH value.
3.State the name of the structure found in chloroplasts that consists of stacks of fluid-filled sacs, which give the chloroplast a larger surface area for light absorption.
4.Describe the factors that would increase the number of starch grains in structure Y.
5.Distinguish between photosystem II and photosystem I.
6.Describe the process of photophosphorylation in photosynthesis.

  The graph shows the action spectrum fo-3k 50f pu:j jjcyru+kr photosynthesis.

What can be directly inferred from the graph?

Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are enzyme-catalysed rsx5-o vedy;jog7q2b6 sw.to w am;yb) c4/ dq-eactions.
1.Outline the role of carbon dioxide in photosynthesis.
2.Describe the technological advancements and experimental tools that were used in Calvin’s experiment on photosynthesis.
3.Compare and contrast the light-dependent and light-independent reactions.

  Carbon dioxide enrichment experiments are used to predict future rx*y 6ru;lv ;erates of photosynthesis and plant growth. Which of the following is an advantage of enclosed greenhouse experiments over free-air carbon dioxide experiments (FACE) experiments, when conducting carbon dioxide enrichment experimentuyxl;; e6 *vrrs?

  In algae, what is the role of ca,3n09rdd m p0g /gc0ja)y09df qyppve rbon dioxide in photosystem II, and what form is it foundp d3f)dn0,g0e/ dryc qm0j 909pvgayp in?

  What were the results obtained from the lollipop experiment that e3mk6f shh-s,xps7q;ws5 kzle9 -k bi5nabled Calvin to determine the order of the light-independentsk xk-ei-w5s;s 769zk,f5 m3bh l hqsp reactions of photosynthesis?