Which row in the table correctly describes th)b8:z bo2 y(n aqobyu1e shape and function of a named proteib:)qob2n uobaz(1yy 8 n?

  Which nucleic acid carries genetic material coding for proj608unuhluup+6;mc y9 n+fwb teins?

  Which of these does not cause mutacj7g,2u k7cd ,htdtwpx15 r 0(cjd)(frl o/uw tions?

  The diagram below shows the genetic code table/rqzg i 3nrn-..

  Which of the following statements xucv2g/g*);gvngu qw. ; :edtis false regarding translation?

  Which of the following contain pepop- e/su8jr4 wtide bonds?
I. Amino Acids
II. Dipeptides
III. Proteins

  The table gives the genetic ,qn 7tsw: ado(code.

Which polypeptide is produced by the mRNA sequence AUG GCU AAA UAG CGA?

  Which of the following contain peptide .xzjdxa677ag tk 2 wmhrvi/9: bonds?
I. Polypeptides
II. Amino acids
III. Proteins

  The diagram below shows the genetic cz u-lv+g;u 5y 6kzw-emode.


Which of the following features can be deduced from the genetic code?
I. Codons consisting of different bases can code for the same amino acid
II. Codon AUG does not code for an amino acid
III. mRNA strands coding for a protein will always contain codons that do not code for amino acids

  Ribosomes have three binding sites. W ky1)(*t;tr3*w xnxiiv1s e7jr kuz4bhich statements are correct for the functions of these site k;4rv zkirx*jni tsbw1)17(u x* y3tes?

  What does the phrase ‘::y)qc yzzun10ol0 v te2 est8the genetic code is universal’ mean?

  Which of the following reactions results in the formation)rjf8m*dklq/; w jyn2 of a dipeptide from two 2 );dwfqm*kr8/ njyjl amino acids?

The diagram below repres;,dr oo)vrmtbz,q;9zznd q (tch* +y9ents the process of translation.

1.1.Identify structures Q and R on the diagram.

1.2.Outline the roles of the binding sites within structure R.

1.3.State the name of the entire structure which has formed in the diagram.

2.Describe how the named structure a(iii) works.

3.Describe the secondary structure of a protein.

  The diagram shows how RNA is transcribed from DNA. What structures are in* u okshx;;rcd ;i:l8rdicated by the lhku;:r i sr*o;8;cdxlabels X, Y, and Z?

The diagram below shows themtc oe . jmytp342t994/utlm e genetic code.


1.Identify the amino acid sequence of a peptide produced from the following mRNA codon sequence using the genetic code.
5’– AUG GGG AAG GGU CGA AGC UAA – 3’

2.Codons need to consist of a sequence of three bases to code for one amino acid. State one reason why codons need to consist of three bases.

3.Calculate the number of nucleotides present in the mRNA strand if the polypeptide synthesised has a length of 120 amino acids.

  Which statements abounphc6ym,*o8r 5xl+ybt translation are not true?
I. Mature mRNA binds to the large subunit of the ribosome before the small subunit.
II. The A site is the first site that the initiation tRNA binds to.
III. The polypeptide chain is released when release factors bind to the E site.

  Which of the following shows the correct sequence of mRNA synw/+f/v 14ande s y:kflthesis?
I. RNA polymerase matches free nucleotides to the DNA strand.
II. Transcription continues until it reaches a terminator sequence.
III. RNA polymerase binds to the promoter region.

  The diagram below shows a protein composed of three polypeptide chacpaf3)9t m, ho 6:epzains, each chain contains po9 3cphm:te 6 z,aa)f20 amino acids.

How many water molecules would be released in the synthesis of one of these chains?

  A non-coding (antisense) str mqk5vau1 3f59ol)nk eand of DNA consists of the following nucleotides:
GGCACATTAG
Which of the following represents the RNA transcript produced by this DNA strand?

  The diagram shows a molecule that plad /wacf.p t;j9ys an important role in protein synthesis. ca f;.9tpd /jw

Which is found at X?
I. Uncoiled DNA
II. Amino acid binding site
III. RNA nucleotides

  A single base substitutioa3stm04le6 zrk)aax6 1g5tfpn mutation occurs and a stop codon is not produced. Which of the following is not a possibl6ltz6k5 0)m4tfeaaa1 srxpg 3e consequence of this type of mutation?

  If the DNA in a somatic cell is changed in an animal aq1 y2;c3;i(bi sgd4;gajrqcp s a result of a mutation, which of the following could most significantly affect crgd;j;ap1 3yqqicgb(i4s;2 other tissues in the animal?

  Which statement about translation oi3fzj) g.tfi. b+n+ qnnly applies to prokaryotes?

  The diagram shows a tRNA molecule. Which of the following wiwp+kj8mzq czn ; / oyzma:-*4ould bind to the position labelled+c zzny4/jzq-m 8; a:m* kpoiw R?

The diagram below shows the replicq(nye t ep(t,5md.ml5ation of DNA.


1.Describe the characteristics of the enzyme Taq polymerase.

2.Suggest what the consequences for a cell would be if transcription were to stop.

3.Outline the roles of all enzymes involved in the replication of DNA and in the synthesis of mRNA through transcription.

1.Distinguish between eukaryotic and prokary81*ixukugj sn0 e 24qaotic transcription.

2.Describe the roles of non-coding DNA sequences.

3.Describe the role of DNA-binding proteins in gene expression.

Different species of living organisms have different numbers of genes characterimr0stje f a+5ji+z4) s0d zzaie4:x5fstic to them. The table shows the ss +t+di0 amz45 :a fz5)ixrj0z4jfe eestimated number of genes for five species.
Species Estimated number of genes
Escherichia coli (bacteria species) 4,000
Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly) 13,000
Canis lupis familiaris (dog) 20,000
Homo sapiens (humans) 30,000
Oryza sativa (rice) 40,000

1.Using the information in the table deduce the estimated number of loci in a human genome.

2.Explain how a mutation can affect a characteristic.

1.Describe the characteristics a8fb-bvr- n8) 5tfiyaof the genetic code.

2.Outline, with examples, the importance of complementary base pairing.

3.Explain the roles of RNA and ribosomes in the formation of a polypeptide chain once mRNA has exited the nucleus.

The image below shows a short :. g/ck o9xserge.vr;fragment of the DNA molecule.


1.Suggest one possible outcome if DNA consisted of two parallel strands instead of two antiparallel strands.

2.The structure of DNA is described as being a 'double helix'. Explain how this structure is related to the DNA function.

3.Compare and contrast the nitrogenous bases thymine and uracil.

  Why can a eukaryote j9sx(ug - c,k2m kxan xgnmz./cj2 +a+produce a larger number of mRNA transcripts than the number of genes 2 mncckm(ja9/a,gk.zx xs-ug 2++xn jin its genome?