Which row in the table correctly describes the shape and functijkt2kb9 kq ej 2c+1 sm/ri/z-mon of a named proteij1ct +m m br2 /jq29izskk-ek/n?

  Which nucleic acid carries genetic mz14.a:wxcee ,2gip s pzcoee 296zz)naterial coding for proteins?

  Which of these does not cause muta 2ndob-u k8wf djai3em,fjfz0c1)6 h9tions?

  The diagram below shows the genf7 p f5:x;w5r vdn0vwmetic code table.

  Which of the following stat/t g5/vm6a kgo2 z.lgl6i t8ijements is false regarding translation?

  Which of the following contaz *) m)sis9hgs4jwo9 cin peptide bonds?
I. Amino Acids
II. Dipeptides
III. Proteins

  The table gives the genetic b5wvgx+si 8 *yy.uxy* code.

Which polypeptide is produced by the mRNA sequence AUG GCU AAA UAG CGA?

  Which of the following contain peptide bon e scusai. 8xhio 06cm;v-:n8nds?
I. Polypeptides
II. Amino acids
III. Proteins

  The diagram below sh (wu8pyr(rp-mbf6) q bows the genetic code.


Which of the following features can be deduced from the genetic code?
I. Codons consisting of different bases can code for the same amino acid
II. Codon AUG does not code for an amino acid
III. mRNA strands coding for a protein will always contain codons that do not code for amino acids

  Ribosomes have three binding sites. Which statementj-oamu. :ekd l*r 36ez6 6lqufs are correct for the functions of r6 zkj*e m.leqf od66lu-ua3 :these sites?

  What does the phrase ‘the genetic code is 42//df. ljcw+vudun iuniversal’ mean?

  Which of the following reactionnjm;5kcq63 ncs results in the formation of a dipeptide from two amino acids?nnq m653k c;jc

The diagram below rep ;zi4hc5wgyb+resents the process of translation.

1.1.Identify structures Q and R on the diagram.

1.2.Outline the roles of the binding sites within structure R.

1.3.State the name of the entire structure which has formed in the diagram.

2.Describe how the named structure a(iii) works.

3.Describe the secondary structure of a protein.

  The diagram shows ho4l -gpm 8xy*suyzk l0qut .93kw RNA is transcribed from DNA. What structures are indicated by the labels X, Y, 0-8g ksuzut *.3xy4yplm9lk qand Z?

The diagram below shows the genetic coj7qs 1ohpz (h:de.


1.Identify the amino acid sequence of a peptide produced from the following mRNA codon sequence using the genetic code.
5’– AUG GGG AAG GGU CGA AGC UAA – 3’

2.Codons need to consist of a sequence of three bases to code for one amino acid. State one reason why codons need to consist of three bases.

3.Calculate the number of nucleotides present in the mRNA strand if the polypeptide synthesised has a length of 120 amino acids.

  Which statements about trad 3jke2,t2liqaqh ;eph5 t,f: nslation are not true?
I. Mature mRNA binds to the large subunit of the ribosome before the small subunit.
II. The A site is the first site that the initiation tRNA binds to.
III. The polypeptide chain is released when release factors bind to the E site.

  Which of the following shomz+ ga *4d zhwvk5q2(qws the correct sequence of mRNA synthesis?
I. RNA polymerase matches free nucleotides to the DNA strand.
II. Transcription continues until it reaches a terminator sequence.
III. RNA polymerase binds to the promoter region.

  The diagram below shows a protein composed of three polypeptide chains, eachf6 y2 luy5llu138s sgv chain contains 20 amilul1 5us3 sgy fl826yvno acids.

How many water molecules would be released in the synthesis of one of these chains?

  A non-coding (antisense) strand of DNA consists of the f hgv:mhp)yyc1*h+0gn ollowing nucleotides:
GGCACATTAG
Which of the following represents the RNA transcript produced by this DNA strand?

  The diagram shows a molecule bv r+-hra5t b9z)ar:8e8umv *y- ue qythat plays an important role in protein synthesis. - 8uv)9 +rr*yzae:5ra ymut8q b-vhbe

Which is found at X?
I. Uncoiled DNA
II. Amino acid binding site
III. RNA nucleotides

  A single base substitution mutation occurs and a stop codn ). qg/kxo+mpon is not produced. Which of the following is not a possible om+/g x)nq. kpconsequence of this type of mutation?

  If the DNA in a somatic cell is changed in an animal as a result of a mf -ye:styit :uhb(;e3utation, which of the following could most sii;y3tf t ye:b-h( sue:gnificantly affect other tissues in the animal?

  Which statement about translation only applies to prokaryot+697b aof0up rk+, ondwcsg. wes?

  The diagram shows a tRNA molec f 4t+dkd3gwd7ule. Which of the following would bind to the posidd3df7 t 4+wgktion labelled R?

The diagram below shows the replicat4dopvw*9xe6gja :u6pql 9 h u/ion of DNA.


1.Describe the characteristics of the enzyme Taq polymerase.

2.Suggest what the consequences for a cell would be if transcription were to stop.

3.Outline the roles of all enzymes involved in the replication of DNA and in the synthesis of mRNA through transcription.

1.Distinguish between eukaryotic and prokaryotic transcription. s km28cwn: gn1

2.Describe the roles of non-coding DNA sequences.

3.Describe the role of DNA-binding proteins in gene expression.

Different species of living organisms have different numbers ofx5qrj+tklrz3tvzvh4 :j 8,t; d10fzj genes characteristic to them. The table s r 5fh,tqtx+v1vjr t4 3 zjl:j8z;0kzdhows the estimated number of genes for five species.
Species Estimated number of genes
Escherichia coli (bacteria species) 4,000
Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly) 13,000
Canis lupis familiaris (dog) 20,000
Homo sapiens (humans) 30,000
Oryza sativa (rice) 40,000

1.Using the information in the table deduce the estimated number of loci in a human genome.

2.Explain how a mutation can affect a characteristic.

1.Describe the characteristics of the genetjls7io97c 2 ifl*4ofiic code.

2.Outline, with examples, the importance of complementary base pairing.

3.Explain the roles of RNA and ribosomes in the formation of a polypeptide chain once mRNA has exited the nucleus.

The image below shows a short fragment of the DNA moleculeitv*sd6:se,db c *m-z .


1.Suggest one possible outcome if DNA consisted of two parallel strands instead of two antiparallel strands.

2.The structure of DNA is described as being a 'double helix'. Explain how this structure is related to the DNA function.

3.Compare and contrast the nitrogenous bases thymine and uracil.

  Why can a eukaryote pg *kxwe/m93li roduce a larger number of mRNA transcripts than the number of*lek3/g9x miw genes in its genome?