Which of the following does not cause coronary he.0jq r7tduu :5q(ird iart disease?

  Which component of b-(9kbdiu0z4fp ay s ka5.-e znh7v:mylood is mainly composed of water and transports water-soluble hs0kvbmy7e:apyz- zu i4 f59d(-kn.asubstances to different parts of the body?

  Which of the following is/are aq;b:+wbv y zt 1bgm,9t feature of phloem?
I. Sieve plates
II. Plasmodesmata
III. High lignin content

  Which row in the table is correct for sugar transputki .a/ ;ej)kort in phloem?

  What helps prevent the ba9*ed, )wu3.gwnc bcjtckflow of blood in a vein?

  Zea mays, pictured below, is a species of flowering plant which is often x-c/7jw6/p4sv6rv1 zye bxrhused as a model for the study of seed anatoj yx6zxsbv6/vhp 1 ce47r/rw -my.


A cross-section of the stem was taken from a specimen, and it was stained and viewed using a light microscope at 100x magnification. The resulting image is shown below.

1.Using the image of the stem cross-section above, draw a simple labelled diagram demonstrating the orientation and structure of a vascular bundle within the stem of a plant.

2.State the name of the structure responsible for transporting organic compounds in plants.   transports organic molecules in plants

  Which row in the table below is not correct for the structure and function of oqkjn .pnhtu/,h16 m:mr q)f)differ nmj)pnq.1 )u,ht6oqh:f/krm ent blood vessels?

  The micrograph shows a transverse section through pi l2akxfu)0*9ujsxqigy- 9ab0vm7zk5 6wf(a leaf.


1.1.Identify an adaptation of this leaf for its function.

1.2.Identify the cell organelle that is found in particularly high numbers in the palisade mesophyll cells.
The organelle in greater abundance in the palisade mesophyll cells is the   

This micrograph shows a transverse section through a pancreatic acinar cell. Acinar cells are found in the exocrine tissue of the pancreas.


2.1.Explain how the structure of this cell is related to the function of the synthesis of proteins for release from the cell.

2.2.State why an electron microscope is needed to view the ultrastructure of the acinar cells.

  Which region of the heart is involved in controlliivav0f) s2uy8ng the frequency at which it be2 iysa)v8 uv0fats?

  The diagram below shows a potometer which g/s/k tv(e / lsf2l9hqis used to measure water uptake in plants. (htql /s2esfkv/l9 g/

A plant cutting was placed in the potometer as shown above. What changes would be observed after a few hours?

  Which of the following statemen84qz:yeq v;qd t(s) is/are true?
I. Cardiac muscle can contract on its own even if not stimulated by a nerve.
II. The left atrium of the heart has the thickest walls.
III. The valves in the heart prevent the backflow of blood and aid circulation.

  Which of the following shows the direction of blood flow into and oub/7 on6i.bed bs. q5kst of the hea/k is.6e nbsbd.57qobrt?

  The diagram below shows the structure of th uh7( bffqirhm2s36-z *eyq9+l0kkdre human heart.



Based on the diagram, which labels identify the aorta and the left ventricle?

  From which chamber of the heart is blood pumped into tih(1uh5 76ntb ;nh,p6xkmusdhe pulmonary artery?

  Which of the following carrv0 0w sgi6w-i;l+ 8drhpovhw 4ies oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart?

  The cohesive and adhesive properties of water aeoq67h wqr*foghmn900 jq20z 2 9gjjullow xylem vessels to transport water inside plants. 7 uqj0of9 29g0rj 0g2q*qmwn jhhzoe6
Which of the following are correct descriptions of how these properties are related to water transport in plants?

  Which structures doeu u28 9) rridj9jlpzm*s sucrose pass through during phloem loading?
I. Plasmodesmata
II. Proton pumps
III. Co-transporter proteins

  In an investigation into the effects of artery occlusion on bqxdz,nmd ,/aa+8l4s e nl0hv:lood pressure, students set up a simple experiment. A rigid, hard, plastic tube, representing an artery, was fixed to an electric water pump, and the end was sealed with a rubber stopper. A single hole was drilled into the plastic tube and the electric pump was turned on. Students measured the distance the water strasd:/vel 0nn 4l8x qa,+h,zdmeam travelled.


In subsequent trials, students added increasing numbers of equally sized and shaped clay-like masses to the inside of the plastic tube and the distance the water stream travelled was measured again.


Results are shown below.

1.1.Identify the independent variable in this experiment.

1.2.State two control variables, not mentioned in the question, that must be kept constant in order to achieve valid results.

2.1.Outline the relationship between the number of clay-like masses and the distance travelled by the water stream.

2.2.Explain how the results of this experiment can be used to understand artery occlusion.

3.Based on the results, predict the distance travelled by the water stream if there were no clay-like masses present.
Distance travelled by water for 0 clay masses=  cm
4.1.Using your knowledge of coronary heart disease, suggest a reason for the anomalous result seen when 5 clay-like masses were present.

4.2.State a risk factor associated with coronary heart disease.

5.Identify a limitation of using the plastic tube to represent an artery in this experiment.

The diagram below represents the circulatory system oe9h unt/c:eq 4f a fish.


1.Distinguish between a double circulatory system and a single circulatory system.

2.Describe the advantages of a double circulatory system in humans.

The diagram below shows the lhqcrwp g/62llt(9y 7structure of a heart.

1.With the use of labels, identify the following in the diagram above.
right atrium
left ventricle
atrioventricular valves
semilunar valves

2.1.Identify the location of the sinoatrial node.

2.2.Describe the function of the sinoatrial node.

2..Describe how the heart responds to messages from the brain.

  The microphotograph below is an electron 3.wxp.ns b9tr micrograph of a cross-section of a stem 9ptxbr w.n3.sof the monocot Zea mays.

Which letter identifies phloem?

  The diagram below shows the structure of the human ke ywa4yw un21k*m 9 v5wtnu8)heart.


Which of the following statement(s) is/are true?

I. When the walls of the atria contract, blood flows from the atria to the ventricles because the atrioventricular valves are open
II. When the walls of the ventricles contract, the increase in pressure causes the atrioventricular valves to close which prevents the backflow of blood from the ventricles to the atria.
III. When the ventricles stop contracting, the pressure falls and the semilunar valves close preventing backflow from the arteries to the ventricles.

  The image below is an electroa bac3t+ewf0*:jzqq vzw9 *5sn micrograph of the stem of the monocot Zea Mays.

What function is performed by the structure labelled X?

  What effect does the evaporation of water in leaves have on other pas .nnh+3ey y/y7r)xjrrts of a planj)7 rnr+ y/3 nsyehxy.t?

  What is the position of the atrigtzj3 8 (2fe-lruj q.eoventricular and semilunar valves at the point in the cardiac cycle at which the pressure in que(2r -glfetj3z8j .the left ventricle is the greatest?

  The diagram shows sucrose being passively loaded into the sievcs9sa f.y1go/ 9iof q;e tube unaided, before beinf.ygsoos9ac /1q9f;i g transported around the plant.

Which structure is labelled X?

The micrograph below shows the xylem vessels in a developing shoow*uys.jkqh kv*k 6dz0*y,a y;t taken at 400× magnification.v*yk *j*yu z6aq 0 dws.k;y,hk

1.Draw and label the structure of a primary xylem vessel in a developing shoot using the micrograph above.

2.Describe the features of xylem vessels which enable them to withstand changes in pressure.

3.Explain why the active uptake of mineral ions in roots leads to the absorption of water.

  What is the main factor that causes t5) 8(uytyyd-x6re vjhhe pressure inside xylem vessels to be lower than atmospuj v5e)6xyyr(h ty8 d-heric pressure?

  How are most mineral ion:hvrzg44 e . eg*:zl:b;kcprns in the soil absorbed by roots?

1.Outline the risk factors and consequences associated with p )uzpyjfhmtl 5b1 9 vn)67ambas4s7*rlaque buildup in the corb7)zylpa* t5n bms6a 7jrhfm 49)vus1onary arteries.

2.Outline how the pressure changes in the left atrium and left ventricle affect the surrounding valves and blood flow.

3.Explain how the structural features of the arteries, veins and capillaries are adapted to support their functions.

  Which of the following is likely to ha5qr rh2wvrv*z 4hl 9;c;q5 djdve the highest lignin content?

  The graph shows the reak8)h4g 5lj mqsults of an experiment which used radioactively labelled carbon dioxk ql85ha)4jm gide (14$CO_2$ ) to investigate the time taken for sap to travel to different colonies of aphids present on a plant.

Which conclusion could be supported by these results?

1.Compare and contrast th6hmt4nup 1yb,z 98q2pr ub)ee e phloem found in the stem and the root of a plant.

2.Outline the mechanisms by which sucrose is loaded into sieve tubes.

3.Explain the changes in hydrostatic pressure within the phloem that facilitate the transport of phloem sap from sources to sinks.

  Which row best represents the solute concentration and hydrostatic pressldqlh/+q+n.)4ncfq2i fp4gxure within nqd/ xl g )hn+lf4q .4q2icpf+the sieve tubes near the leaves and roots?

  The image below represents the changes in pressure+f6cr 9vnd* kysvfx yn9:2pp- in the left atrium, left ventricle an y 6p f92cxyn9-nf:vrvp+d s*kd the aorta.

At point II in the diagram, which of the following is likely to take place?

  Which row in the table correctly identifies features of sieve tube qz**t2)xnga lwb9 (cowx*s l2elements?

  This image shows an aphid with itsx .:mbgf -/:;8lhsajp6l:g)pwp ysxk stylet inserted into a plant. Aphids have been used a.:w-l jsgmh:bp86x/plgkpxs:) ;fy to study transport in plants.

1.Name the tissue that aphids insert their stylets into.
This tissue is   .
2.Outline how scientists use aphids to study the substance transported in this tissue.

3.Explain the differences in the contents and rate of flow of phloem sap at sources and sinks.