What provides evidence that all life on Earth evolved from the same populm j8ujbveqv7 b;wcgn d5tvr bwy 4+l7)h 9l:-7ation of c+vt yl8v dv w ue)j5mgq7c9;rbb4h77 jb: -lnwells?

  Identify the correct row in the table regardi/ 7k27phpgzvnng the formation of vesicles.

  Whose experiments disproved spontaneo9ve7v n2o m)lnus generation?

  Which type of isotopes are coxe,il5c+xhxkp*0 8 hcmmonly used in absolute dating of fossils?

  Which of the following st6 yw, wbilf8v(5 9 ifswpm+hp5atements are reasons that RNA is believed to be the firsvpyfw(6i ilb+wwfp5hm 9s5,8 t genetic material?
I. RNA can form spontaneously when nucleotides are present
II. RNA contains ribose as its sugar
III. Miller demonstrated that organic molecules could be produced from a mixture of gases under conditions that simulated early Earth

The diagram below shows the apparatus used in the experiments conducted byfmi;/h 2w4o -mth9ah h Miller 2imt;ho/94ha fhmw-h and Urey.


Describe how this experiment showed that the origin of life was possible on early Earth.

  In the early 19th cecbr7d iei)o( (ntury, vitalism was a widely accepted theory. This theory suggested that organic compounds, those found in living organisms, could only be produceo dr7()c i(iebd through a "vital force" present in living matter.

What was the role of urea in falsifying the theory of vitalism?

  Which of the following is not evidence to su od abq., 5u4e2y2eyrepport that the last universal common ancestor (LUCA) could ha425ybqeueo 2ed a,ry.ve emerged at hydrothermal vents?

Researchers carried out a similar exhj3j ( krie)/4r b8kybperiment to Louis Pasteur’s famous experiment disproving y/je rkk(br) 3jih4b8 spontaneous generation, using the set up below at 30°C.



1.Outline the theory of spontaneous generation.

2.1.State two variables that must be controlled in this experiment.

2.2.Explain why it is important to have controlled variables in this study.

3.1.State the letters of three flasks which would show signs of decomposition of broth.

3.2.Explain your answer to part (i).

4.Suggest, with reasons, how the results of the study would differ if the flasks were incubated at 4°C.

  Louis Pasteur's famous experiments dioqy-zu lkmi+w)pv92h-f+a -c sproving spontaneous generation were replicated by placing broth into v ic9w-u)mz+of y-pla2+ k vhq-arious flasks.

Which two flasks would show the presence of microorganisms in the results?

Below is a diagram o82vgd f; my-mif Euglena a photosynthetic protist. It is a living cell which can carry out all the func;mdf- giym82v tions of life.

1.1.State which function of life the flagellum is adapted for.

1.2.State which function of life is enabled by the contractile vacuole.

2.Outline why viruses are not regarded as living organisms.

3.State two main principles of the cell theory

4.Explain how the properties of phospholipids mean they naturally form vesicles when in aqueous solution.

5.Explain how the formation of vesicles was important in the evolution of cells.