What property of water helps living organisms maintain their internal body i0bcban 6b/ b7temperatu bb6 anbi0/c7bre?

  Which of the following is not soluble i-+0yz/ooe .hwm2 goa zn water?

  What substances are (x5+s o o haih0eo34g hi(y*gpattracted to water and form intermolecular bonds with water (y( pos0hhh+xigg*oia34 e o5 molecules?

  Which of the following is a reason ffat mh o :yau0p(a)t2,x 4bqir( 3l;agor the retention of water on Earth?

  What is the most accepted theory for the origin of water q g5df(u:qkh9(rtxin:x *f6lon Earth?

  What intermolecular bond is respons*qm( wyos.9 qsible for water's cohesive, adhesive and thermal proper9sqo.q *( wmysties?

1.Outline how hydrogen bonds form between water molecules.r vynn,.zq)sv.-v84oh 3agx ; j ezfr)

2.State one of the ways how hydrophilic substances interact with water.

3.State one of the ways how non-polar molecules interact with water.

4.Distinguish cohesion and adhesion.

  Which property of water enables marine animals such as the ri1e4 np96ivqbq:jkhe6g jb5 j- nged seal (Pusa hispida) to stay afloat in water without expendibb:-veej n1 h6qk9qp4g5 ij6jng large amounts of energy?

  The cohesive and adhesive prope,zl9gk0 4c ivzppa50grties of water allow xylem vessels to transport water insidp,40gz ac0ip lz9k5gve plants.

Which of the following are correct descriptions of how these properties are related to water transport in plants?

  Which of the following is a k.vim xa np -d 4my+bv+o0a3if tn-7p;reason that the Earth is considered to be in ‘The Goldily o-30fp pb v+aitnmkx n-;+v.74adim ocks zone’, but Saturn is not?

  Which of the following state pcjvt.:*i nx r49osw4f yk;h-ments about the dipolarity of the water molecule are true? .y ix t4c9pnrwv-fk* jo4:;hs
I. Oxygen attracts the shared electrons stronger than hydrogen.
II.Hydrogen atoms are partially negative.
III.The shared electrons spend more time closer to oxygen.

  Which of the following is not a reason that scientists p+bf+nox+ p.x look for the presence of water on planets as a sign of extraterrestrial lixb pfx n++.po+fe?

  Which term to describe: .2jsax, wm;svxz b0z a property of water is matched to its correct definition?:x0,sw;m s2jzvbzx.a

  The image shows a water strider (G. lacustris) on the surface of a pond. What pt4n 0tj4: qx-ho rg-1nshubn3w 9+lmnroperty of water is not depicted in the imaghxgj-nh 3ln4+m:trt1b4- 0s 9n u wonqe?

Below is a picture of a water strider (Gerris sp.)mbg0i 9+hd t:g.


1.Explain why the water strider (Gerris sp.) does not sink.
2.Describe, using an example, the importance of water as a solvent in living organisms.

The image shows a ringed seal (P 40 ciuf3uhb6iusa hispida) that lives in the Arctic Sea.


1.Distinguish between the physical properties of air and water that allow the seal to mostly live in the sea.
2.Ringed seals glide into the water head first from ice shelves, rather like humans diving into a pool head first. Explain the advantage of entering the water in this way rather than ‘belly-flopping’ into the water.

  An investigation was carried out into the effects of householsbwi* )v hj ;k dvxe*o5 eznlx00f6:2 rt4m5und detergents on aquatic habitats. Scientists tested thje*f k; h 0buz 2vnlrt*w v6end0o5:msx x45i)e effect of different household detergents on the surface tension of water in order to better understand the impact they may have on organisms living on the surface.

A paper clip was folded slightly on one side and rested on the surface of the water, maintained at a constant temperature and contained within a water tank. Drops of detergent solution were slowly added to the water tank until the paperclip sank to the bottom. The volume of detergent solution taken to sink the paperclip was recorded.

Detergent solutions were made by adding 5 ml of detergent to 15 ml of water.


1.Describe the relationship between the volume of detergent solution added and the surface tension of water.

2.1.For the Easy Clean detergent, calculate the mean number of drops of detergent needed to sink the paper clip.
Mean =  ml
2.2.Estimate how many drops of Easy Clean detergent solution it would take to sink 5 paper clips.

3.1.State one variable, other than those given, which would need to be controlled in this experiment in order to achieve a valid result.
3.2.Suggest one method that could be used to keep the water at a constant temperature.
3.3.Explain the importance of maintaining water at a constant temperature.
3.4.Identify one potential source of error in the methodology.
4.Suggest why different numbers of drops of detergent solution were needed to sink the paperclip between each type of detergent.

  Which of the following is not a real-life example of adhesi ,w7xwtpcoe+q3rwvo-uf3 qb(3lz)4 hon?

The image shows a cross-section of the vascular tissue of a woody dico h;s358wup qw(*3q nqqcea ku:t stem, showing the annual rings ohp8*;3ukw(aqncsq qw eu5:3q f phloem and xylem.


Explain how the properties of water allow it to be transported in the xylem.
Describe a physical property of water, other than those that are important for the movement of water through the plant, that makes water essential for the survival of plants.
Outline why plants cannot use water to transport lipids.
If the temperature drops to -1$^{\circ}$ for a few hours suggest a reason why the water in xylem may not freeze.

  The black-throated loon (Gavia arctica) is a bird that live3)jdbv4e 7dyr s near large bodies of water in cold climates. Which of the following is a correct description of how the properties of water may maky e34)7jrvddbe winter temperatures more moderate for the black-throated loon?

  Which of the following st q6b:edkvgb+ tf(3o8 patement(s) about the role of water as a solvent is corret(8qbbfgo6:d pe3 vk+ct?

I. Salt can dissolve in water because it is hydrophilic
II. Lipids cannot dissolve in water because they are non-polar
III. Cellulose can dissolve in water, as it is able to form hydrogen bonds

  The micrograph below shows the longi y t41ht)msqenk5+/.db6 e jnetudinal cross-section of a stem from a plant in the P4+ dnjynq) tete ke/m.6b5h1sinus genus. Xylem vessels are clearly visible.


The xylem is composed of hollow, tube-like tissues that transport water through capillary action. What property of water explains capillary action?

The diagram shows a solar system very similar to o2pp *o-olz oy8urs, where five planets orbit a central s pz*8 oo-oylp2tar.


1.Define the term “Goldilocks zone”.

2.1.Label with the letter R the planet that is least likely to have extraterrestrial life present.

2.2Explain reasons for your answer to part (i).

3.1.Some of the planets in this solar system have water present on them. Suggest where this water might have come from.

3.2.Explain why the planets referred to in part (i) have retained water, whereas others in this solar system have not.

4.Suggest one other biological molecule, other than water, that may be a sign of life on a planet.

  Which of the following statements explains how water has faci7q:ar0x 5ar kslitated the evolution:as xrkr07a5q of life on Earth?