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习题练习：Physics Unit15: Laws of Thermodynamics
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 作者: admin    总分: 71分  得分: _____________

答题人: 游客未登录  开始时间: 22年08月15日 12:53  切换到: 整卷模式

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1#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the T-V gra91) w8+fwspjv/ go8x,tncj5 o9z hpoeph is an


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2#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isothermal process, there is no changeiwz1.yiew dw/k v : ) .dkfpo:vu42x3n in

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3#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermodehh -+e6h2 img(j m8uoynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isothermal process,

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4#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is expanded to twice its original ,2, uithnbml1 volume with no change in its temperature. This uml, h1i bn2,tprocess is

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5#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is compressed isothermally from 30 L t jzbxw :fpe/f.3)g4eh o 20 L. During this process, 6.0 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that compressed the gas. What is the change of internal energy for this wg4fjx 3 e).hfpe :/zbgas?

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6#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is compressed to one-half its fma t3w27jkh/(z:jmh original volume during an isothermal process. The final pressure of w/f2ja:k(tzh m37 mhjthe gas

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7#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is expanded isothermally from 20 L to 30 L. During 839ralpwqeu 3rc x9k ,this process, 6 J of energy is expended by the external p,9q39urr3e a 8c lxkwmechanism that expanded the gas. Which of the following statements is correct?

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8#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is quickly compressed in an isolated environment. During the event, th 2cioi t0c1p8wq;p :cge gas exchanged no heat with its surroundings. This process ispc q pi:812icco 0;gtw

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9#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermodynamics, f-aaj5wg. ue3$Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an adiabatic process,

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10#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A monatomic ideal gas8w if ;+hta9iencl w1, is compressed to one-half its original volume during an adiabatic pro8 fiwi1hwt,e+ca9 l;ncess. The final pressure of the gas

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11#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all respects :vr;qfnd0yp wq; q0(ug7i 0 j.ag llp6except that one containsvqgi(jd0pg.r a:q6 p0w uy0lnl7 q ;;f $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater temperature increase?

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12#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all respects except that onel.h3epkrch+*fmchbsqj e6(; d+l36s contains6hs bcf3re6lpc+q m*.+ els;hh k3jd( $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater pressure increase?

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13#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on24x6k lgh7 ;h +4q.yem getptg the PV diagram is an


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14#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isobaric process, there is no change iu,rdf 9nazqa2e so (+2(/x i +ymlq3wzn

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15#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law ou ii u 9njxzxh q9e9,d+n2ej/*f thermodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isobaric process,

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16#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is allowed to expand at constant pressure as heat is added tlv p3/,gp y4wgo it. This prw3p,/ l4pvygg ocess is

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17#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to a sampl ,v +pknm pzb8od17j :m0johr+e of ideal gas at constant presz8j1v,7+b: d0okjm+orpph nm sure. As a result, the internal energy of the gas

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18#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the n9yy4xza8 r8( gbv(zkPV diagram is


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19#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, there isiz-m osoz ux(d5-dr (*0gg-ap no change in

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20#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermody ;,a,-yd )rku mhxa9ulec*v0 anamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isochoric process,

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21#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is confined to a rigid container that cannot expand as heat energy is add x x0n6,qnlk 3rfux.gtv1u 7zf6+wnv.ed to it. This 16. n3qu,gltf uxv0fkzr+w.6nxxv7n process is

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22#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to a sample of ideal gas at constant 96uq02lubnr n 8yrca) volume. As a result, t2yuunnq )cr0ar6 lb89he internal energy of the gas

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23#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State the first law o ;l: x,fgt 46e iq0jvw3sduam*f thermodynamics.
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24#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Is it possible to transfer heat from a hot re: uutb0zr5)n b va,5 njj;fok:servoir to a cold reservoir?

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25#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Is it possible to tra ir qyr3ulybq33dgp60hsc9 ;.xz*s6rxu7 c;wnsfer heat from a cold reservoir to a hot reservoir?

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26#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State the second law of thermodynamics according to Clausiusad8x*djbkp /x ,v,p5w.
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27#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is taken through the cycle illustrated vjx:xg) wm8 r nk)r.u/here. During one cycle, how much work is done by an engine operating 8kr rgx: )x)/uw m.jvnon this cycle?


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28#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The efficiency of a h+ raki1yulo .56 r6wegeat engine is defined as the ratio of

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29#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  If the theoretical efficiency of a Carnot engine is to be 100%, the hz)ay;ucbed -9eat sink mud9b;-azc) eu yst be

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30#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A Carnot cycle consipnv 5f 48+wnhxf hgr 57z/1qwgsts of

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31#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give the Kelvin-Planck statement of the second law of thermox*e6p 3/-plw23eqs we8)cucy ay ykx.dynamics.
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32#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The coefficient of perfor g:3gq;s*y3e 73wn, pqam hkq vnpc4-fmance (COP) of a refrigerator is defined as the ratio of,np h :3qf3e3g-w7;p 4kn qqsgvaycm*

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33#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a heat pump is defined as zy4;;1zo,ykok yqk:v the ratio of

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34#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When water freezes, the entr48dqukb jqaw ,+su(c5opy of the water

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35#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  According to the second law of thermodynamics, for any procep+o *6-kf cpudjuldaqu 2821jss that may occur within an isolated system, which one of afcud1q+pju8l-pj uo2 *d2k6 the choices applies?

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36#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give a general statement of th gsx/lr/rrnrkq ,uqd3 k) .41ke second law of thermodynamics.
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37#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The second law of thermodynamics le):mf7xqtkb w:r.b1 p xp7ymxnn34 k.i ads us to conclude that

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38#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is removed from an q6muur pwd.* w85:xjjideal gas. What is the change in intex*d. wj8w qu6 5r:ujpmrnal energy?

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39#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is remov kwayz/:b9wtxmy /z5 5ed from an ideal gas. What is the work d9wtw bmy /5/yx5k zza:one in the process?

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40#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The work done on an ideal gas system in an isothermalf-uge7 8u* jpf process is -400 J. What is the change in internal energy? *ugefupjf-78

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41#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  200 J of work is done in compressing a gasb)zd vwrlrs9,4 h2md- adiabatically. What is the change in internal energy obs r4lwmr),d2 dzv-h9f the gas?

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42#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas undergoes an adiabatic process while doin,idvno:yt. xx6t-m r3g 25 J of work. What is the change in inter.dnvoxi 6x ,:m3ytr-tnal energy?

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43#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, the inter0 ir-3 l /j9j6jna7h gsu7yjxsnal energy of a system decreases by 50 J. What h-jsl x0 r7u y9/j6s73anjjgi is the work done?

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44#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, the ingqq9efd-(9crfeh+6 h ternal energy of a system decreases by 50 J. What is the heat qegfcqh 9r+- 9d(6ehf exchange?

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45#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A certain amount of a monatomic gas is 6z3e78j0 5bvswlg(sn(yczg r maintained at constant volume as it is cooled by 50 K. This feat is accomplished by removing 400w5bje snr( 038gg(z6c lz7yvs J of energy from the gas. How much work is done by the gas?

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46#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A monatomic gas is cooled by 50 K at constant volume when 831 acp4+w l-h*ry q 75dwuJ of energy is removed from it. How many m* qu-la5w4hcp+ wd7yroles of gas are in the sample?

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47#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A system consists of 3.0 kg of 5z7 ,e*xguf iwwater at $80 ^{\circ}C$. 30 J of work is done on the system by stirring with a paddle wheel, while 66 J of heat is removed. What is the change in internal energy of the system?

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48#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine receives 7s ::a5if ybiqt x*.k d1zl0jg8000 J of heat and loses 3000 J in each cycle. What is the efq08ix1. j:a sl* yzkt5 d:gbifficiency?

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49#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% and receives 150 J of heat k2*vf o)tl tw: 1s6h, ve,tmupper cycle. How much work does * ,o1l wk, uttp6stvefm2:h) vit perform in each cycle?

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50#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% and receives 150 J yce 2g+8/upkrof heat per cycle. Howu+pk/eg2r c y8 much heat does it exhaust in each cycle?

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51#
 
  303

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52#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine absorbs 64fl*lnx0 x,5zua e0 x+v02fhoj kcal of heat each cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate the efficiency ofzjanll ov0 x,x0f*0fx u5+2he each cycle.

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53#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of hcyc +o.yzai5 8eat each cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate the work done each cycle.+ y5ci.o 8ycza

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54#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines built so u4mlpp8cn y2: far has the following characteristics:pm 8l2pny:c u4 combustion chamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the actual efficiency of this engine?

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55#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the following charc* 3wt-8z kj7, /dwnalcopkj1acteristics: combustion chamber temzct*ojkk 1-3d,n pl7j8 aww/c perature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the Carnot efficiency of this engine?

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56#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient 4rk0 3: vb4vjgksxqys dn/2tesa- :p-engines built so far has the following characteristicsp n4 -vq0yt4:ssj 2sg:-/kbd3xkearv: combustion chamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the power output of this engine?

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57#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates huo .p: xghp()600 MW of electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the overall efficiency of the plant for generating electric power?

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58#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generase6xck4ip7: xtes 600 MW of electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the Carnot efficiency?

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59#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 Mvv0nhouw8 s2ln(jqi g i 5bwn,/+me3: W of electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. How much thermal energy is exhausted each day?

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60#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the Carnot efficiency of jsj, quf57ud hg6c m.0an engine which operates between $450 ^{\circ}K$ and $310 ^{\circ}K$?

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61#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the maximum theoretical efficiency possible for an engine operatv uhxhxf ,j:)md624niing betwehvhud m), j26:xinfx4en $100 ^{\circ}C$ and $400 ^{\circ}C$?

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62#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The efficiency of a Carnot engine is 35.0%. What is the temperature of th rapac)03jl+kp, sv 0i3d2liee cold resere r33v)ijcdl0p+ias2p,a0klvoir if the temperature of the hot reservoir is $500 ^{\circ}K$?

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63#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine operatinwh,he o* oywrt90)2*if ph (lu+cvlk 8g between $40 ^{\circ}C$ and $380 ^{\circ}C$ has an efficiency 60% of that of a Carnot engine operating between the same temperatures. If the engine absorbs heat at a rate of 60 kW, at what rate does it exhaust heat?

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64#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing comppk+p )bttodu ut ;0:7iartment at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24toduu0:+;t7k )tbpp i kJ into a room per cycle. How much work is required in each cycle?

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65#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A refrigerator removes heat fromqz + tf3l we64)hg :kf(.kiasw the freezing compartment at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ iwkl hti+awf.ke3 :)s f4z( q6gnto a room per cycle. What is the coefficient of performance?

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66#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During each cycle of operation, a refrigerator absorbs 230 J of heat from the f6rpnkg j+er*sj(b*a +reezer and expels 356 J of heat to the room. How much work input is requijjpg eb r+r*6(sn+*kared in each cycle?

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67#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the change in entropy wb r9e8 stxtyxp.11 f--q ubb7mafcs*/hen 50 g of ice melt at $0 ^{\circ}C$?

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68#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When 0.50 kg of ice 30 9g 8qz4xsn r23ol7ky40 9zavrak(ymegyhd freezes, the change in entropy is

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69#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  1.0 kg of steam at $100 ^{\circ}C$ condenses to water at $100 ^{\circ}C$. What is the change in entropy in the process?

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70#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A container of ideal gas at SToi2nqivh4 g ;d 4:z65s t hhrgzw9;)rpP undergoes an isothermal expansion and its entropy changes w254:gvo nr;rp zd )gq;64hhszi9 t hiby
3.7 J/e K. How much work does it do?

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71#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A piece of metal at 9qd6q5bwk 4hy t9w5wk$80 ^{\circ}C$ is placed in 1.2 L of water at $72 ^{\circ}C$. The system is thermally isolated and reaches a final temperature of $75 ^{\circ}C$. Estimate the approximate change in entropy for this process.

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