What is the correct de y0lk3 du5unggocm880 m0t f(kfinition of a gene pool?

  Which would not cause changes to the allele frequency wkm1ei xi tz9*wo,;(kwithin a population?

  Which of the following identifies a s db(lr ,ln-p:ximilarity and difference between natural selection and selectidl, -p:nlb( rxve breeding?

  As pollution levels rise, the trees that the pesy4 p35tun d/fn:el,jzl ,: joppered moth (Biston betularia) lives on will become darker. What effect will this have on the peppered moth popul n:p,t 3l5d:yo4/,s zjfnelujation numbers?

  Which option lists examples of evidence that can be used to suppor/2 k ;vtn1mtbht the theory of m/t kvbt2h n;1evolution?

  Which statement(s) about natural selection is/are true?hi;n )9cc4f g0-ai 1 ih8 m4iodpvz/re
I. Learned behaviour changes over time.
II. Individuals that are better adapted are more likely to survive.
III. It decreases the frequency of characteristics that make individuals better adapted.

  Which statement is true of punctuated equilibriu0epnz1 vv er cdlz(1fl4 bo8e;e 6.:fom?

  The graph shows the relationship betweenkcpu l,d+tlnk4(v -,amb* dc5 the adult neck length of Masai giraffes (G. tipp- l,d+bcdac k(vlt4 n p5k,m*uelskirchi) and the average lifespan. What type of selection is shown by the graph?

  Which of the following could lead to the vo ci.w:evrie9+ v 87kdevelopment of antibiotic resistance?

  The peppered moth (Bnm)k5 gq,viv+iston betularia) is often used as an example when discussing industrial melanism. mkig+v v)n,5 q

Which of the following is responsible for the increase in the proportion of the melanic form during the industrial revolution?
I. Increased mutation rate
II. Natural selection
III. Sexual selection

  How does gradual divergence provid8 y/xdnozvq vvqpl62 b: ,2w(qe evidence for evolution?

  In a population of finchekszw n qdis6*10vmo1 5s, the frequency of finches with large beaks has increased relative to the frequency of finches with small beaks swo56m1i* nq0v ks1zd. What could have been a cause for this?

1.Outline the possible causes of changes to a geny6pu ,rbl: ef1uz/j9kq8, vv ne pool.

2.Suggest one possible cause of the gene pool getting smaller.

3.Explain how a small gene pool could have a detrimental effect on a population.

  Which of the followi,n4y1 e/21xm - uzyje .hejwewng is/are example(s) of selective breeding?
I. A puppy is taught to sit.
II. Cows that produce high volumes of milk have been crossed with cows that have large amounts of meat.
III.Development of antibiotic resistance in bacteria.

The diagram shows how the effect of growing bacteria with different a ad35ppt*qgh /x3kr9antibiotics can be investigated. A study was conducted to test the degree of antibiotic resistance that bacteria from a hospital door handle had developed. Measuremtrp*k35 aqdh9g xp /3aents of the zone of inhibition were taken every 3 days, for 15 days.



1.State which antibiotic is the least effective at preventing bacterial growth.

2.State two variables that must be controlled in this experiment, other than those already given.

3.1.Identify the anomalous result from the study.

3.2.Suggest how the anomalous result may have arisen.

4.Explain how natural selection can lead to antibiotic resistance in bacteria.

5.The researchers suggested that vancomycin could be used more extensively to treat bacterial infections. Discuss to what extent you agree with this.

Sickle cell anaemia is a trait that is inheriteo0 7bbght7/c fd in a codominant manner. The graph shows the proportions of people who are homozygous af7go0btcb f /7hfected (Hb$^S$Hb$^S$ ), homozygous unaffected (Hb$^A$Hb$^A$ ) and heterozygous (Hb$^A$ Hb$^S$ ) for the trait over 50 years in Nigeria, West Africa. Malaria, which is a parasitic disease that infects red blood cells, is prevalent in Nigeria.

1.Using the graph, explain whether the sickle cell trait is likely to be in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium.

2.1Describe the trends observed in the graph.

2.2.Suggest a reason for the trend in heterozygotes found in this malaria infected region of Africa.

3.The frequency of the recessive allele in the population was found to be 0.62, calculate the frequency of the dominant allele in the population.

4.1.Assuming that this population is in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium, predict what would happen to the frequency of recessive alleles in the population over 50 more years.

4.2.Outline a reason for your answer.

5.Explain why, under ‘real world’ conditions, it is difficult for organisms to be in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium.

  The graph shows the number of female African elephants (Loxodonta afr6wqy3t0a2i pd5 o;3ilzrqu/ picana) born without tusks in3zoyprw /dqp0u iit a;625l q3 Gorongosa National Park. How does natural selection explain the trend shown in the graph?

  In the Indian ocean, sand coloured oysters blend into rockyxld(*,c /v +xh x9 wwo a)uioew):p1fs in the sand bar and dark coloured oysters blend better into the deepest parts of the ocean. What type of selectio a+h(i*oxed)9 u1/xyow ,fwl:c pxw)vn is this an example of?

  Which of the following stajf.obax )d,n( d3,yebtements best describes an analogous structure?

  Based on the structure of each forelimb shown belownjde xvra3gdicb06/*e2)mgf+ ,1gpw, which one is likely to be aen1 d g/2,v3 *rc6 gdjf wmpga)iex0+bnalogous?

  Which are examples of directionasm9bie/ b 89lyl selection?
I. Human babies with an average birth weight are more likely to survive than those that are below or above average
II. Black peppered moths are more likely to survive than lighter moths in industrial areas as they can camouflage better
III. Larger salmons are fished, resulting in the better survival of smaller salmons

  Which is not an example of natural seld0.ha5t/ epici)wn4z4 ut tbe, e64qbection?

  Broad-leaved plants are often found near the ground in tropical rainforests. Whu, vrnin *mb9 :(52gvrkpbj/sich characteristic of the leaf is an example of a useful adaptatio/v s5gn9v *b(kbrr :,nmju 2pin?

  Which bird’s beak is best adapted for sucki c,mi0z jy/1wmng nectar from flowers?

  A population of plants with no resm:cw z) -lrczo;2 *ngiistance to herbivores may develop into a population of plants that secrete a compound toxic to h)-i zr c:ocg2nw l*mz;erbivores. How could this change occur?

The diagram represents the evolution of features in the fow iye,zqcw r za((5c10refoot of horses from the oldest ancestor (a) to modern dac i w5r 1,zzewaq0((cyy horses (e).

1.1.Distinguish between the earliest and most recent forefoot.

1.2.Explain the mechanism through which the horse forefoot has changed over time.

1.3.Suggest what would happen if ancestral horses were brought back and introduced into the wild today. Justify your answer.

2.State the definition of evolution.

3.Different horse breeds exist in varying geographical locations. Suggest one possible way to show that these horses living in different geographical locations were from the same species.

  How does meiosis resultaqeg.93ihq(kjqbe a/ga : s25 in variation?

Darwin’s finches are a group of approximata 4f-4j qi4-):qdpx: znkclmzely 18 finches which share a common ancestor and are found on the Galapagos islands. Four of these fi:c4qx4 -amdpn4k fj q)zliz- :nches are shown below.

1.1.Explain the differences in beak shape and size shown in the four individuals A, B, C, D.

1.2.State two possible causes of genetic variation between finches found on the same island.

1.3.Discuss the hypothesis that the finches found on different islands are different species.

2.Species tend to produce more offspring than their environment can support. Explain how this contributes to natural selection.

  Which of the following is not an example of spe3ws57s ic v4k90cw b eirix-2xciation?

1.Describe how mutations can result in natural selection. rj:f;b4l:lu) )p mc fr

2.Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of a population producing more offspring than the environment can support.

3.Explain how the misuse of antibiotics can lead to the development of bacterial resistance.

  Evolutionary fitness is a term used to descrily : m0ln4nai, crj4x/be adaptations. Which of the following b0ry4/ clij,l:4m xa nnest describes the term evolutionary fitness?