Which term describes the splitting of water molecules in the 4q,pzu+hg4+dnu vmn+ presence of light to produce electrons, hydrogen iodn 4v+4pz+h nuq ,+ugmns and oxygen molecules?

  Which of the following is involved in carbon fixation during7 u (d-d oyj1m0b/lwa6j syd/p photosynthesis?

  The diagram below shows an experimxdv b m*32c(+mpus rh5f2xj:q ent investigating the effect of temperature on the rate of photosynthesis. Which of the following is not a method of keeping a controlled variable at a 2bm2 pxmjd cxfv(*:r+s35uqh constant value throughout this particular experiment?

  What does X represent? vgtxv1 fz-7v b*;fo6b

  The Hill reaction shows electrone0 bebqnd6jj53q -vd35/aer h transfer in isolated chloroplasts for the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis. jed3b5hj qen650v q 3re/-abdA blue dye, DCPIP (2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol) is used instead of the natural final electron acceptor. What is the final electron acceptor in photosynthesis?

  The micrograph below shows part of a chloroplast in a leaf.Which of the fol7z q0g wvz(n.zv sqo.1lowing structures are found in the part ofzv7q.1zw sgq0 nv (zo. a chloroplast labelled X?
I.Photosystem I
II.ATP Synthase
III.Ribosomes

  This graph shows the rate of photosynthesis at different yap a-. vgb,1gtemperatures.

What conclusion can be made?

  The graph shows the effect of light intensity on the rate of photosynthesis. -qaa4ckbbas/5.k -b z

What can be concluded from the results presented in this graph?

  The following processez a 0zpc h1jtcxsf 1ts-a(wi+k7+ 2)tbs occur in the Calvin cycle.
I. Ribulose bisphosphate regeneration
II. Carbon dioxide fixation
III. Glycerate-3-phosphate is reduced to triose phosphate
Which is the incorrect sequence for these processes?

  Which of the following correctly shows where chemiosmosis takes place i(hu) eq)h(rnu24 d ygyn photosynthesis and aerobic celhh g(n)2du( y4ue rq)yl respiration?

Coleus blumei is an attractive ws7zu9snlu c.*; aye8houseplant with red leaves.

1.Determine with a reason whether or not this plant is still able to conduct photosynthesis with red leaves.
2.Red leaves absorb and reflect different coloured light than green leaves. Distinguish between red light and green light in the visible spectrum.
3.Outline how limiting factors affect the rate of photosynthesis.
4.Explain how oxygen produced during photosynthesis can be used during respiration

  What is the main source of hydrogen ions c)d9ub;g 27dr; acktn in the light-dependent reactions for photosnbctuc 9r2add7 g;;k) ynthesis?

  Which of the following correctly describes photosynthesis or respiratiokb+ 1(fe fi/itn?

	Reaction	Products	Anabolic or Catabolic	Endothermic or Exothermic
A	Photosynthesis	Carbon dioxide, water	Catabolic	Exothermic
B	Respiration	Oxygen, glucose	Catabolic	Exothermic
C	Photosynthesis	Oxygen, glucose	Anabolic	Endothermic
D	Respiration	Carbon dioxide, water	Anabolic	Endothermic

  Which type of reacti.+ a(aw8y;.thhl;mfcs otq b74lvv j/on is occurring in this light-independent reaction of photosywat y(f l8/v.47 a bv; ml;htscqh.j+onthesis?

  Which structure of the chloroplast is mosh 8vqhk8xdf7,f;ez2 nt involved in the production of reduced NADP and Af k27h;vh8nqde, fzx 8TP?

The diagram shows the separation of photosyn4ve0q km yo, e1m6ewek0*b p-txii59sthetic pigments using the thin-layer chromatography (TLC) techniquk obm,v m0t1-*490pqxse 5ykewe 6 eiie in the solvent propanone.

1.Identify a pigment that is present in cabbage but not in spinach
2.Outline the method used to extract the pigments from the plant leaves.
3.1Outline what information the Rf value provides in this experiment.
2.Calculate the Rf value of Xanthophyll, showing your working.
4.Spinach also contains Lycopene, an orange/red pigment. Suggest why it is absent from the chromatogram.
5.Deduce, with a reason, what pigment X is.
6.Explain why the origin must be above the solvent at the start of the experiment.
7.Explain why it is important that the TLC plate is held by its edges when setting up this experiment.

In an investigation into x 07 xpfc49ejua fu51rthe impacts of climate change on the rate of photosynthesis, pondweed was placed in a number of sealed conical flasks, each containing a solution of water and carbonic x0cr1e5xffj 4a 97puuacid.

Each conical flask was placed in a water bath maintained at a constant temperature. At regular time intervals, samples of the solution were taken from each conical flask and measured using a pH probe.

The results are shown in the table.

1.1Identify the dependent and independent variables in this investigation.
1.2State one variable that must be kept constant in this investigation to ensure the results are valid.
2Describe the relationship between the temperature, time and pH of the solution.
3Predict the pH of the dilute carbonic acid solution at $40^{\circ}C$ after 60 minutes.1
4.1Calculate the rate of change in pH between 30 - 40 minutes and 40 - 50 minutes for the trial kept at $40^{\circ}C$.
4.2Suggest a reason for the difference in the rate of change you calculated in (i).
5.Suggest one improvement to the design of this experiment and state whether it would increase the accuracy or reliability of the results.

  Which visible spectrum repik)h8jatq- *mresents the correct range of wavelengths of light that are absorbed and reflected by chlorophyll for photqh*- akmt 8)jiosynthesis?

Photosynthesis is a process where carbon compounds arek z,bxao ;bc:1jg qh/mb9fv1 0 produced in the presence of lif,g:/qb0hbkx1m b9o;azvc 1 jght.
1.Draw and label an action spectrum for photosynthesis in plants.
2.Outline how energy is used to produce glucose from carbon dioxide.
3.Describe an experiment investigating the effect of carbon dioxide concentration on the rate of photosynthesis.

  What is used to generate a proton gradibq+brsp8 c, 4zent across the thylakoid membrane in the light-dependent reactions of photsz8 p4+b,b qcrosynthesis?

  What is the process that takes place before excited electroyuw)u81fi 4q4jzb+w hxlc -.f ns are transferred from photosystff z4)+l.4wu 8j wubqhy1ixc-em II to photosystem I?

  In which structure of the chloroplast does ribulose bisphosphate undergo carbo,+q 13hrc kaagat+x6uxylatau ar6 3+,c+t1g xhkaqion?

  Which products are formed at the end of the light-depen7(;lma ur h.xadent and light-independent reactions?r h;. 7(alamxu

  Thin-layer chromatography can be used to separatqi2c6d z;p jrwx; +)j ,4vx z/vwxm8tee photosynthetic pigments. Below is a diagram showing the separation of pigments in this way. Rf values are used to work out what pi/ qz v;e4;x)6 , mjzxwvcprxw28tj i+dgments are present in the leaf extracts.
Which of the following are the measurements that need to be taken to calculate the Rf values?

The diagram below shows the ultrastructure of a chi7()senxq+qjw2gw r /*kxgwyt*b 6o +wq*hf2loroplast.

1.Identify the enzyme that catalyses the process of carbon fixation and is found at Y.
2.Deduce, with a reason, which structure of the chloroplast has the lowest pH value.
3.State the name of the structure found in chloroplasts that consists of stacks of fluid-filled sacs, which give the chloroplast a larger surface area for light absorption.
4.Describe the factors that would increase the number of starch grains in structure Y.
5.Distinguish between photosystem II and photosystem I.
6.Describe the process of photophosphorylation in photosynthesis.

  The graph shows the action spectrum for photosynthesis. iw ;( 0-x9ehcyiclxznzg c,(+

What can be directly inferred from the graph?

Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are enzym: r9xkq1tvh3whjo:(ve-catalysed reactions.
1.Outline the role of carbon dioxide in photosynthesis.
2.Describe the technological advancements and experimental tools that were used in Calvin’s experiment on photosynthesis.
3.Compare and contrast the light-dependent and light-independent reactions.

  Carbon dioxide enrichment experiments are nxef p78+v hxp *:8)qm,u9xcyqyizq(j c5d d/ used to predict future rates of photosynthesis and plant growth. Which of the following is an advantage of enclosed greenhouse experiments over free-air carbon dioxide experiments (FACE) experiments, when conducting carbon dioxide enrichment emdd)9x nxc,7e:(uc x5ijh /zyyfq*qv+ p qp8 8xperiments?

  In algae, what is the role of carbon dioxide in photy lsym e 2z9pu02numos-e0 8q7osystem II, and what form is it flqmn8ueseu2m2zys- 9 p7 o0y0ound in?

  What were the results obtained from the lollipop experiment that enabled Cal4eo dsolm-xzj (5*4k0mr1a nn vin to deterr-4 1*kloms 4 oenadnj(xz5m0 mine the order of the light-independent reactions of photosynthesis?