Which row in the table correctly describes the shapeqjmzhw0ju9 lfr.dhq. g1w936 and function of a named proteinrqwf9jw. 1hjmgl u360qh .z d9?

  Which nucleic acid carries genetic material codin1)s r ij,f 7,nckl q6c e57qqz-rm1jekg for proteins?

  Which of these does not cause mutationo v2wpzecuu e-96)+scs?

  The diagram below shows thxm-;t(832t5e q3ualugjzvzz e genetic code table.

  Which of the following statements is false regarding trans7+nj(fhfr1apz2 4+kukpf8 g hlation?

  Which of the following contain peptide bonds?wa g3v+ 8f umduod:l./k1z up(
I. Amino Acids
II. Dipeptides
III. Proteins

  The table gives the genetic crkkijmbg567:p- y8m uode.

Which polypeptide is produced by the mRNA sequence AUG GCU AAA UAG CGA?

  Which of the following con(rj/qb iz3z m x8,(lep/togl* tain peptide bonds?
I. Polypeptides
II. Amino acids
III. Proteins

  The diagram below showsyi.+o8b6+ilp fq wz 4f7p8l zw the genetic code.


Which of the following features can be deduced from the genetic code?
I. Codons consisting of different bases can code for the same amino acid
II. Codon AUG does not code for an amino acid
III. mRNA strands coding for a protein will always contain codons that do not code for amino acids

  Ribosomes have three binding sites. Which statements are correct for the functioa4qb mv l+ fbe--7uj9hns of these siteb9ja- fe-74huqb+ vm ls?

  What does the phrase ‘the gec( oxt0bttae6g8 i2d0 netic code is universal’ mean?

  Which of the following reactions results in the formation of a dipo(bn10 c wo(xzeptide from two amino a1 b0cwo n(xz(ocids?

The diagram below represents the y zvmaq mtqm5-(tpa:1pb* ,1wprocess of translation.

1.1.Identify structures Q and R on the diagram.

1.2.Outline the roles of the binding sites within structure R.

1.3.State the name of the entire structure which has formed in the diagram.

2.Describe how the named structure a(iii) works.

3.Describe the secondary structure of a protein.

  The diagram shows how RNA is trxxfi21b4t gh*anscribed from DNA. What structures are indicated by the labels X, gtxfb21h 4xi*Y, and Z?

The diagram below shim+e: .rrq*qb: pt9yoc9z:fi ows the genetic code.


1.Identify the amino acid sequence of a peptide produced from the following mRNA codon sequence using the genetic code.
5’– AUG GGG AAG GGU CGA AGC UAA – 3’

2.Codons need to consist of a sequence of three bases to code for one amino acid. State one reason why codons need to consist of three bases.

3.Calculate the number of nucleotides present in the mRNA strand if the polypeptide synthesised has a length of 120 amino acids.

  Which statements about translation are nkl/5 e348 gmpbo1boguot true?
I. Mature mRNA binds to the large subunit of the ribosome before the small subunit.
II. The A site is the first site that the initiation tRNA binds to.
III. The polypeptide chain is released when release factors bind to the E site.

  Which of the following stxsy*6-wzswn- u)raiaiu *0 1 hows the correct sequence of mRNA synthesis?
I. RNA polymerase matches free nucleotides to the DNA strand.
II. Transcription continues until it reaches a terminator sequence.
III. RNA polymerase binds to the promoter region.

  The diagram below shows a protein composed of three polypeptide chainsgawu t2 rbs6(x*f9 uc9, each chain contains 20 aminx2 *gbrac(6u9fsw 9 uto acids.

How many water molecules would be released in the synthesis of one of these chains?

  A non-coding (antisense) strand of DNA consists of the following nucleotides: a fea,oawhm7 hx; ;z6t-.rqi/
GGCACATTAG
Which of the following represents the RNA transcript produced by this DNA strand?

  The diagram shows a molecule that plays an important role in k ,ss did, min+*y30siprotein synthesis. m,sisinsiy 0+, d3*dk

Which is found at X?
I. Uncoiled DNA
II. Amino acid binding site
III. RNA nucleotides

  A single base substitution mutation occurs and a sthd3mo0)cz. s yc,1t5nbyvi+ top codon is not produced. Which of the following is not a possible consequence of this type of muta5 o31ibcytcs)y 0+nv.zh, mtdtion?

  If the DNA in a somatic cell is changed in an animal as a result of a mutation,mey ei5)i tc( (0aaf+namk 5+l which of the following could most significantly affect other tissue)+5 0i nma e+yaailtc5(m k(fes in the animal?

  Which statement about 5n 0m:v n3 ll)qh0 ,lw9e+dj/ alr1tepdqrlg. translation only applies to prokaryotes?

  The diagram shows a tRNA molecule. Which 5g 9svb k+a(. nb-krf(ktz /gqof the following would bind to the position lf n.gv-+(tr(5k qkb/sz9akb gabelled R?

The diagram below shloombx 1 mu(.1ows the replication of DNA.


1.Describe the characteristics of the enzyme Taq polymerase.

2.Suggest what the consequences for a cell would be if transcription were to stop.

3.Outline the roles of all enzymes involved in the replication of DNA and in the synthesis of mRNA through transcription.

1.Distinguish between eukaryotic and p6xa26: cpg tnmrokaryotic transcription.

2.Describe the roles of non-coding DNA sequences.

3.Describe the role of DNA-binding proteins in gene expression.

Different species of living organisms have different numbers 3w,i wzbd6pujw 2h y/+of genes characteristic to them. The table shows u 2b3w6/w d,ph+jzywithe estimated number of genes for five species.
Species Estimated number of genes
Escherichia coli (bacteria species) 4,000
Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly) 13,000
Canis lupis familiaris (dog) 20,000
Homo sapiens (humans) 30,000
Oryza sativa (rice) 40,000

1.Using the information in the table deduce the estimated number of loci in a human genome.

2.Explain how a mutation can affect a characteristic.

1.Describe the characteristics of thewyj10h5qpi p1tk) ,j++a z swk genetic code.

2.Outline, with examples, the importance of complementary base pairing.

3.Explain the roles of RNA and ribosomes in the formation of a polypeptide chain once mRNA has exited the nucleus.

The image below shows a short fragment of the DNA m:u;rv w 7eqx9xolecule.


1.Suggest one possible outcome if DNA consisted of two parallel strands instead of two antiparallel strands.

2.The structure of DNA is described as being a 'double helix'. Explain how this structure is related to the DNA function.

3.Compare and contrast the nitrogenous bases thymine and uracil.

  Why can a eukaryote produce a larger number of mRNA transcripts than tncdx9snw8cwnnq0x* n. s9-p: he number of genes in its n9d.n n*ccps 9nwxw 0:sx-qn8genome?