The Arctic cod, ringed seal, killer whale, polar bear and other organe( bv8njob- (n0puz6 sisms live and interact with each other in the cold waters of the Arctic Ocean. Which of the fov(ou( b6z n8j ps0b-nellowing terms best describes them?

  Which of the following would not be consid1/ld a ml18kh q(8rrvaih g,:aered an abiotic factor?

  What best defines a habitah5i.a- 9gaqw+4ue xxnt?

  Rain forests are known to have tall trees and a large biomass witht*60b 6w. o8xtfut 4cr)jnmb;lm rr/w high productivity, despite infertile soils. The growing conditions have been known to nurt6.;w r no)ju clfm /6bb*t08t4rxmwtr ure the presence of many interdependent organisms. These species also interact with the physical environment they inhabit.

Which of the following is described here?

  What is a common limiting factor for plan b (s;nfyd5yelo/( kh3jnxf0 rgj13.a t growth in arid (dry) environments?

  Which of the following is not a factor rf .)z*wb+l diabac/m; )h h-nyequired for coral reef formation?

  Which of the following is the most appg- (,r;8e,fr )i*g mpqzxmgqyropriate to measure using a line transect?- 8fgirz(e);p gx ,qm*y,qmrg

  During a field day, students were ma. d/)ygxpz3m *woy/asked to investigate the effect of soil salinity on the distribution of plant species. Students designed an experiment that measured the number of plant species found up the shore at varying distances from the high tide line. Three groups of students investigated three sites on the same shore. The distance from the hiwpm/ xdyamyg*)3z.o/ gh tide line was taken as an indication of the salinity levels. The results are shown in the table.


1.1.Identify the independent variable.

1.2.Outline the steps students could take, and the equipment they could use, to collect their results.

2.1.Suggest a reason for the discrepancy in the number of species sampled in areas 1, 2, and 3.

2.2.Describe a way the students could reduce the impact of discrepancies on their collected data.

3.The different species of plants found in each area were recorded in a table.


Calculate how many times greater the number of plant species found in Area 1 was compared to Area 2;
the number=  
4.Evaluate the students’ investigation into salinity's effect on plant species distribution.

  Which of the following factors create biomes? kqwn t;1cvtibeto6r+g)w o ) 2:(;ito
I. Annual Precipitation
II. Air Temperature
III. Keystone species

  Which of the following biomes is best characterised by high temcl )m bpz aufb(b/b97(peratures, high rainfall, and high humi lmbp((z)9a/ ub bcb7fdity?

Marram grass, pictured below, 4zy-k 63+gxuscj5fsby0 s):mri)vxm qu yv.,is a plant species often found growing on sand dunesx4fvs,c -i):y s3.z)u0sxq k5 gm+ubjvyrm6y .

1.1.Distinguish between abiotic and biotic factors.

1.2.Suggest adaptations Marram grass could have in order to grow on sand dunes.

1.3.For a named abiotic variable, outline how the range of tolerance for Marram grass could be measured in its natural habitat.

2.Describe an adaptation that allows a named organism to survive in desert habitats.

The kapok tree, pictul59e0uhrxb); ,r r 8hcy e0e i: cnv5wv.wnab(red below, is found in the tropical rainforests of Central and South America. It has buttress roots that extend abhev wrln ec(ewa.0inbu:)9h05x c8 yrr5b,v; ove the soil in order for it to grow tall.


1.1.Outline the climatic conditions which are typical of tropical rainforests.

1.2.For a named organism other than the kapok tree, describe the adaptations it has to live in tropical rainforests.

1.3.Tropical rainforests are an example of a biome. Define the term biome.

2.Explain the need for the kapok tree to grow tall and fast.

1.Define the terms species, population, and communit sm+89umye ,an f+93eegxip, ay.

2.Explain the conditions required for coral reef formation.

3.Using three named organisms, describe the adaptations they have to different environments.