IB Psychology HL Cognitive Approaches to Human Behaviour - 无忧得胜-网上国际课程 (5edu.win)

1#

第 1 题组 (共 22 题 22 分)

The process of transforming incoming information into a mental co 91x de9l*mpzenstruct and placed in the brain as memor mp9xe9*1ldzey is called

A. Encoding

B. Storage

C. Retrieval

D. None of the above

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2#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) (组内2/22) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Which cognitive process is closely rg i,+5fwy. fu o(eyu;celated to the activation and use of schemas in the brainf5gf.yec y+; oi(uw, u?

A. Reflex actions

B. Processing of visual information

C. Making decisions

D. Balance and coordination

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3#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) (组内3/22) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

The working memory model by Baddeley & Hitch is focused on whijcx) ,pxd e0au2r gu2*ch stage of memory?g0d) uea2*x2 crxj,u p

A. Sensory memory

B. Short term memory

C. Long term memory

D. None of the above

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4#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) (组内4/22) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

What describes Systea -qpb wwj g6bp3;rs-)m 2 thinking?

A. Intuitive, instinctive, based on gut feelings and past experiences.

B. Quick, automatic, and effortless.

C. Emotional, impulsive, and irrational.

D. Deliberate, analytical, and effortful.

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5#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) (组内5/22) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

What describes System 1 thinking.z w96 m 6gmoas +i5h/:0gwn qtvub2pd?

A. Slow, serial, effortful, consciously monitored, deliberately controlled.

B. Fast, automatic, effortless, associative, implicit, emotionally charged.

C. It is the idea that thinking and decision-making are separate concepts.

D. Intuitive, instinctive, based on gut feelings and past experiences.

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6#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) (组内6/22) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

How does information transfer from sensory to short-term memory according to - eal:*, b,fg/gkd iapAtkinson & Shiffrin'el-b,g f,:*gdkap ai/s multi-store model of memory?

A. Through decay

B. Through rehearsal

C. Through attention

D. Through retrieval

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7#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) (组内7/22) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

What describes the dual process model of tfpmdz omz5on6h4,xoyo4q+ns, 14 r-jhinking and decision-making?

A. It is the model that says humans always make rational decisions.

B. It is the model that says thinking and decision-making are separate concepts.

C. It is the model that says there are two distinct types of thinking: intuitive and rational.

D. It is the model that says there are two separate cognitive processes at play when humans make decisions.

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8#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) (组内8/22) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Which of the following best describes thlh rhqud,.hw+jh( : wa ; e7rn.b-rf k*aac9)xe capacity of short-term memory?

A. Unlimited

B. An average of 7±2 items

C. May change due to individual differences

D. Cannot be identified

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9#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) (组内9/22) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Which component of the working memory model is responsible for holding an 13jmuun*yk w,d manipulatw,mk *u1n 3yujing auditory information?

A. Central executive

B. Phonological loop

C. Visuospatial sketchpad

D. Sensory register

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10#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) (组内10/22) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Which type of memory is the most resistant to decay over time and is relativelkbeygi* k3g xy59nu-i 8 *.kwdy stab n gyi*9ub58kk- i3e*.yk gdwxle throughout life?

A. Explicit memory

B. Episodic memory

C. Semantic memory

D. Procedural memory

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11#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) (组内11/22) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

In the context of the two-system view of thinking, what is an evxq1:ocx l- wy(c w6:gxample of a cognitivcw : lv6y:oxc-g1(xwqe task that requires controlled thinking?

A. Riding a bicycle

B. Deciding under uncertainty

C. Detecting a scent

D. Noticing a colour

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12#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) (组内12/22) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Which thinking style involves ju/j ge n l(f:o;:(*ri *c*e9onn slucwjdgments that directly reflect impressions and are not modified by conse9ougn *:n:fwnjo/ *((llr*jciec;scious monitoring?

A. Intuitive thinking

B. Rational thinking

C. Automatic thinking

D. Controlled thinking

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13#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) (组内13/22) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Which among the choiceerd y21ha7f z5- sq6xyt2 hgo0s below are the limitations of the multi-store memory modehe-x50sdyh6o 7trz 1q2ay 2g fl?

A. It lacks ecological validity and does not explain the complexities of memory.

B. The model needs to be updated, and its explanations of memory only apply to some.

C. Studies do not strongly support it, and it does not apply to older individuals.

D. The model is complicated to use in various contexts.

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14#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) (组内14/22) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Which of the options provided is not a critique of the :j6e9nnb , , f.wssrk4g1xj mgschema theory?

A. The physical mechanisms through which schemas operate in the brain are not observable.

B. The process by which the schema is formed and established in the brain remains uncertain.

C. The schema theory does take emotional memories into consideration.

D. The schema theory is limited because of its ambiguous explanation of how memory works.

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15#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) (组内15/22) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Which of the following best describes the primary purposxtqsa7x /e+uwl:(o b;8 rqq-i e of dual-task techniques in researc-iqa(xs8rw +oelu/qbq x:t; 7h on the working memory model?

A. To investigate the capacity limitations of sensory memory.

B. To explore the role of long-term memory in cognitive tasks.

C. To examine the division of attention and the limitations of working memory.

D. To assess the effectiveness of rehearsal strategies in memory encoding.

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16#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) (组内16/22) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Which of the followinx yoqd b9l(gy; 3xw8r;g scenarios best exemplifies the process of accommodation bwy(rqg3x9yo;;lbd 8 x ased on Piaget's schema theory?

A. A child uses their current knowledge of dogs to identify a horse as a ‘big dog’.

B. A child modifies his understanding of gravity after observing a ball falling at different speeds.

C. A child incorporates new information about birds into his current schema of ‘flying animals’.

D. A child repeats multiplication tables to reinforce existing mathematical skills.

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17#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) (组内17/22) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Cognitive schemas are best describcm2s+k )j +vtg2wkj+oed as:

A. Innate, genetically determined structures of the brain.

B. Automatic and unconscious mental processes.

C. Frameworks of knowledge and beliefs that organise and interpret information.

D. Strategies used to improve memory and problem-solving skills.

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18#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) (组内18/22) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Which of the following is not a principle of cognithp1iuy 81w; lk y 7vasn;rip4+ive approach?

A. Biases in cognitive processes can be systematic and predictable.

B. Cognitive processes don’t function in isolation.

C. Mental processes can be studied scientifically.

D. Behaviour is the product of physiology.

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19#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) (组内19/22) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Which of the following is a cognitive hp .* +lqlm;jdl9f3 ,zn:tzdpmodel/theory?

A. Dual-processing model

B. Social identity theory

C. Globalization

D. Animal model

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20#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) (组内20/22) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

What is the correct explanation of ttj qvr+b/(k 4jcr k;5the serial position effect?

A. It is the tendency to recall the middle and last items better than the first items in the list.

B. It is the tendency to recall the first and last items on a list better than the items in the middle section.

C. It is the tendency to recall the first items on a list better than the other items.

D. It is the tendency to recall the last items on a list better than the other items.

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21#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) (组内21/22) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Which among the choices below can be used as a counterargument tk-ij.h j,.ec mo the multi-store model of i, m-.ke.hjcj memory?

A. Bottom-up and top-down processing

B. Schema processing

C. Levels of processing

D. Normative model

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22#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) (组内22/22) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Which type of schema is3r9qieop uif wi8c/msgf2 lw/0 p m;-i0cjc.. commonly linked to the negative thinking patterns outlined in Beck’s Theory .-mi0c q/8s2f p/c0 i;jfww. c ip oem9l3ruigof Depression?

A. Script schema

B. Self-schema

C. Social Schema

D. Event schema

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23#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) (组内1/11) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

第 2 题组 (共 11 题 11 分)

Why is memory recall considered recsmcx9 co*2hr6 onstructive?

A. Because it involves retrieval of information that was once stored.

B. Because it is like mental record or a video of past events.

C. Because it can be influenced by a variety of factors such as preconcieved notions and schemas.

D. Because memory stores significant events.

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24#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) (组内2/11) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Which statement best descrizexd b*3vp8flyp98lf l a0env:q*5 9vbes the misinformation effect in eyewitness testimonyvxz5:0l*f en88 e9dq* v pfpblal9y3v?

A. Eyewitnesses are more likely to remember information accurately if they discuss the event with others who have experienced it.

B. Eyewitnesses' memories of an event can be altered or distorted by misleading information presented after the event.

C. Eyewitnesses' memory of an event tends to improve over time.

D. Eyewitnesses' confidence in their memory of an event is always a reliable indicator of its accuracy.

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25#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) (组内3/11) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

What was the central focus of Tversky and 7swsa acm+ 3eu-*;lhrxy*jg+Kahneman's (1974) research on cognitivx msws;la- rh+e7+ c**yjag3ue biases and decision-making?

A. Developing the dual process model of thinking and decision-making

B. Understanding intuitive judgments in situations involving risks and uncertainty

C. Understanding the limits of working memory on people's ability to compute optimal decisions

D. Developing a model for behavioural economics.

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26#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) (组内4/11) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Below are factors that usually affect the availability heujhcs-0 , q+y2sukyo 8oxp1c ;uristic except for

A. Family upbringing

B. Political affiliation

C. Exposure to advertising

D. Exposure to news or media coverage

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27#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) (组内5/11) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Loftus developed a study in 1997 which aimed to plant a t9jwqdre8gf c)h/1u .false memory of being lost in a mall. Results indicated that a porucj./g fdhqt 91r8 we)tion of the participants claimed to remember the false event after a series of interviews.
Based on Loftus' research, how can false memories be implanted?

A. By asking leading questions

B. By asking people to narrate their stories and retell them

C. By suggesting and confabulating information

D. By changing the words used in a sentence (e.g using the word crash in replacement of hit)

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28#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) (组内6/11) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

When determining the value of a vintage)goacg4tmr3) d (x/tv watch, an individual is influenced by the seller's initial asking price. This is an example 3(g c )4t) v/amgtxrdoof

A. Confirmation bias

B. Availability heuristic

C. Hindsight bias

D. Anchoring bias

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29#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) (组内7/11) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

The notion of cognitive biases was introduced by which of thg (v g32gm ir1i,ivmr3e following researchigg3mi,2vr1m rgiv 3(er/s?

A. Tschirgi

B. Tversky and Kahneman

C. Huber, Payne and Puto

D. Chapman and Chapman

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30#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) (组内8/11) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Which of the following is not a strsfr-xujoo*/bh-w8 wv(8 y-ncategy for the adaptive decision-maker framework by Payne, Bettmuow-fs nov8xjy *8( w-hbcr/ -an and Johnson (1993)?

A. Utility theory

B. Lexicographic strategy

C. Lexicographic strategy

D. Elimination by aspects

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31#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) (组内9/11) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

How were the findings of Loftus and Palmer’s study interpreted in relabrz unw.l t*hy 3v4uuoklc-9i z78:,t tion to the reconstructive, zrz8k ut b7 owltnl .hc*9i-4u3:yvu nature of memory?

A. The participants showed response bias and memory change

B. The participants were misled to remember certain information

C. The participants lacked memory rehearsal

D. The participant responses showed the transfer of information from sensory to long-term memory

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32#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) (组内10/11) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Some studies on eyewitness testimonies are conducted in n4nu5xnkv sw+nph 6kq;36 s e(fhmbc,. 4im-jiaturalistic settings. Which of the following is a limitatih ;6vi6wesi(n,kx +4jn5p c4s bnqk3ufh .m-m on of these settings?

A. Lack of population validity

B. Lack of internal validity

C. Lack of generalization

D. Lack of reflexivity

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33#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) (组内11/11) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

When a person vividly remembe1h8 qw)4ke aysdr- a;yrs a particular incident which is accompanied by a strong emotional reaction, it is )a; eqkw-hys1r8ady 4 known as

A. Sensory memory

B. Eyewitness testimony

C. Flashbulb memory

D. Reconstructive memory

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34#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) (组内1/6) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

第 3 题组 (共 6 题 6 分)

What two components makeup Schacter and Singer'sp nk7o381i (9tji16aue t:y p4 fbyecl two-factor theory of emotion?

A. The environment & cognitive appraisal of the environment

B. Cognitive appraisal & the emotional appraisal

C. Physical arousal & cognitive appraisal

D. Emotional arousal & physical stimulus

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35#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) (组内2/6) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

What is considered to be a main methodological issue in Brownbi23p 9d5cq w lwk)p:zv:yc- d & Kulik's (1977) resear:2p9w wz3d )ic :kbp-d cqyl5vch on flashbulb memory?

A. They used a limited sample size.

B. Their sample is prone to gender bias, not having equal male and female participants.

C. They did not use brain imaging techniques to investigate flashbulb memory in the brain.

D. Their use of self-report questionnaires makes it difficult to verify the accuracy of one's memories.

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36#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) (组内3/6) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

What role does the amygdal;r6gfvh/e:w cq, igr2y wv0 va1mk/: ua play in memory?

A. It takes over the memory encoding process from the hippocampus but focuses only on the emotional stimuli.

B. It acts as a ‘gatekeeper’ by controlling which sensory inputs are processed in the hippocampus through the subcortical structures.

C. As a component of the interconnected memory system with the hippocampus, the amygdala regulates the sensory inputs processed in the hippocampus through subcortical structures.

D. It directs automatic or unconscious responses to emotional stimuli while linking sensory information with long-term memory in the cerebral cortex.

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37#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) (组内4/6) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Which emotion needs to be triggered for flashbulb memories to be creav0x0b(jeajh p2: p dg83 + cld0th-dwbted?

A. Anger

B. Sadness/Grief

C. Surprise

D. Happiness/ Joy

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38#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) (组内5/6) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Which among the choices below outlines the function of the amygdala fa olor8h dk ,o7261u xjz8xd o62cyb0in relation to flashbulb memoru 8f6drl2k6hdy,o0oo ocx7 a1jz2 b8xies?

A. Activation of the amygdala enhances memory consolidation by facilitating neural plasticity.

B. Activation of the amygdala leads to a reduction of neural pathways, leading to poor flashbulb memory.

C. Amygdala does not interfere in the formation of flashbulb memories.

D. The amygdala regulates the body’s emotional response.

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39#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) (组内6/6) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Which of the following hv7(n ptp8c3 atormones play a role in the activation of the amygdala?

A. Testosterone

B. Growth hormones

C. Progesterone

D. Adrenaline

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40#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) (组内1/6) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

第 4 题组 (共 6 题 6 分)

Which best describes the ‘Google Effec 9 g+kwb* ,5efcq 7t+byoaop yn(:ap-gt’?

A. The impact of search engines on online advertising

B. The negative consequences of excessive internet usage on cognitive abilities

C. The propensity to forget easily accessible information due to search engines

D. The improved memory recall resulting from the availability of external information sources

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41#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) (组内2/6) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

What is the common effect of repeated exposure to fake news or false inbsg 83fa s 1 rv4sx4hvdln3q7xo7t,9u formation on soatbnso v h4,d7rx7uq93 s43fgv sl18 xcial media on a person's memory?

A. It increases the likelihood of false information being remembered as false.

B. It increases the likelihood of false information being remembered as true.

C. It increases the likelihood of false information being shared.

D. It has no observed effect based on research.

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42#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) (组内3/6) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Compared to other studies exploring the effects of 1/k-zxwxa6 ilzdhz aw ; d478rdigital technology on cognitive processes, what distinguishes iard8;zd7xh -14w xwl/a kz6 zSparrow et al.'s (2011) research?

A. The study generated more generalisable results due to its use of a larger sample size compared to previous studies.

B. Unlike most studies that rely on correlations or self-reports, this study utilizes experimental methodology.

C. The student interviewed students who were active in terms of their internet.

D. They used correlational data which effectively illustrated the associations between the use of digital technology and behaviour.

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43#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) (组内4/6) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

What is a methodological consideration one should take into account wh.k57suyu4i-gm:7 w i 6eso )kph6ihacen researchi k 6omuw4ga-uehp:i6 .5i7ssykc) 7ihng about social media and human behaviour?

A. Experimental methods are prevalent in researching social media usage, which enables the identification of cause-effect relationships.

B. Privacy concerns are a significant consideration in any research on social media usage.

C. The extent of research on social media usage is restricted by the data provided by the major technology companies.

D. Research into social media usage is susceptible to participant reactivity and may impact the accuracy of the findings.

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44#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) (组内5/6) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Which of the following ;g9d71t8(jk5sy 5t0jm fi tj tmn hvn)research methods is appropriate to study the effect of technologisfh vj(87k9m t;tdt1nygn5 )tj5j0my on cognition?

A. Observation

B. Field experiment

C. Laboratory experiment

D. Surveys

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45#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) (组内6/6) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Identify which of the options below besx6 pavi3qg k jr5/p(p.t explains the link between the Google effect and (p vrk36i jx5agp./pqtransactive memory.

A. People now tend to excessively rely on the internet as an external memory store.

B. People do not evaluate or cross-check information from the internet with other sources.

C. People consider information from the internet as safe and reliable more than their own memory.

D. The ease and availability of the internet as an external memory store has made people less reliant on their own memory.

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