What is the correct definition of4gu59o7gt -kxd1 hxvd a gene pool?

  Which would not cause chc3 vyur4o 7,r2 pm9hxuanges to the allele frequency within a population?

  Which of the following identifies a similarity and dif n*0tawk/ q609:fggb3e 7c nbiq8g mgqference between natural selection and seletm/b 0fwgg6 bqn* cn q7iqea:0kg93g8ctive breeding?

  As pollution levels rise, ;wqs +tn8c5af/6 9 b lqfayn+tthe trees that the peppered moth (Biston betularia) livaqy +bt/qtn9;fsl5 n6 a cw8f+es on will become darker. What effect will this have on the peppered moth population numbers?

  Which option lists examples of evidence that can be used to support the t6kbz 9 0bayj:bheory of jk b azb9y:b06evolution?

  Which statement(s) about natural selection is/mv /d x:10lsg uqy7:ohv+*c uvare true?
I. Learned behaviour changes over time.
II. Individuals that are better adapted are more likely to survive.
III. It decreases the frequency of characteristics that make individuals better adapted.

  Which statement is true of punctuateds-)ddfo4flhyh3t w4 o *q0/tv equilibrium?

  The graph shows the relationship between t 2mc8d*z8 aie4ph) zqthe adult neck length of Masai giraffes (G. tippelskirchi) and the average lifespan. What type of s8zhad8t em p*) zqci42election is shown by the graph?

  Which of the following could lead to the developb3n1sv2 ty. ef89iuvl fjo p3l/ 0e+knment of antibiotic resistance?

  The peppered moth (Biston betularijpbwe h1j aj8se46 n. s4aap:6a) is often used as an example when discussing indjp:e6b.4n pjsja w48e s a16ahustrial melanism.

Which of the following is responsible for the increase in the proportion of the melanic form during the industrial revolution?
I. Increased mutation rate
II. Natural selection
III. Sexual selection

  How does gradual divergence prk 44+ psuomh(gj10mp 0vmrw(xovide evidence for evolution?

  In a population of finches, the frequeo*bvqn,1l-o an.0 hqti/p ,khncy of finches with large beaks has increased relative to the frequency of finches with small beaks.* ,1khh. n -bt0, iovqo/anplq What could have been a cause for this?

1.Outline the possibl7kf j*mcwho z7wh:h -8n5bpjmp ,2m1de causes of changes to a gene pool.

2.Suggest one possible cause of the gene pool getting smaller.

3.Explain how a small gene pool could have a detrimental effect on a population.

  Which of the following i /ria*.7xayd/2 d qflw7c nfy9s/are example(s) of selective breeding?
I. A puppy is taught to sit.
II. Cows that produce high volumes of milk have been crossed with cows that have large amounts of meat.
III.Development of antibiotic resistance in bacteria.

The diagram shows how the effect of growing b02nce /ms.8myzy.hup acteria with different antibiotics can be investigated. A study was conducted to test the degree of antibiotic resistance that bacteria from a hospital door handle had developed. Measurements of the zone of inh e/2sz.y.8uyc mmp0hn ibition were taken every 3 days, for 15 days.



1.State which antibiotic is the least effective at preventing bacterial growth.

2.State two variables that must be controlled in this experiment, other than those already given.

3.1.Identify the anomalous result from the study.

3.2.Suggest how the anomalous result may have arisen.

4.Explain how natural selection can lead to antibiotic resistance in bacteria.

5.The researchers suggested that vancomycin could be used more extensively to treat bacterial infections. Discuss to what extent you agree with this.

Sickle cell anaemia is a trait that is inherited in a cew5 +xmk8 e,2tt vf.es rm7on:odominant manner. The graph shows +8kwv m,7s2 t:.r 5en mtexfoethe proportions of people who are homozygous affected (Hb$^S$Hb$^S$ ), homozygous unaffected (Hb$^A$Hb$^A$ ) and heterozygous (Hb$^A$ Hb$^S$ ) for the trait over 50 years in Nigeria, West Africa. Malaria, which is a parasitic disease that infects red blood cells, is prevalent in Nigeria.

1.Using the graph, explain whether the sickle cell trait is likely to be in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium.

2.1Describe the trends observed in the graph.

2.2.Suggest a reason for the trend in heterozygotes found in this malaria infected region of Africa.

3.The frequency of the recessive allele in the population was found to be 0.62, calculate the frequency of the dominant allele in the population.

4.1.Assuming that this population is in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium, predict what would happen to the frequency of recessive alleles in the population over 50 more years.

4.2.Outline a reason for your answer.

5.Explain why, under ‘real world’ conditions, it is difficult for organisms to be in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium.

  The graph shows the number of female African elephants (Loxodonta africaobqseda1n b 5yv +/+a+na) born without tusks in Gorongosand+/ +5obsba 1yq +ave National Park. How does natural selection explain the trend shown in the graph?

  In the Indian ocean, sand colo txnm -,*qzar,ured oysters blend into rocks in the sand bar and dark coloured oysters blend better into the deepest parts of the ocean. What type of selection is thisq ,za-,*r nmxt an example of?

  Which of the following statementszbj)7lok 6ts1r-ew rwdw s0w5y(xk81k8sqv) best describes an analogous structure?

  Based on the structure of each forelimb shown below, which one is likely :igm:(jn rg4zto be an(n4jgrg z:: imalogous?

  Which are examples of directional seleo911toljdwf( n(6m fbction?
I. Human babies with an average birth weight are more likely to survive than those that are below or above average
II. Black peppered moths are more likely to survive than lighter moths in industrial areas as they can camouflage better
III. Larger salmons are fished, resulting in the better survival of smaller salmons

  Which is not an example of natural sefx3 3yb k4cq9rdnx p-/lection?

  Broad-leaved plants are often found10evd*av3,zs .vzio-) arlxk / es;ef near the ground in tropical rainforests. Which characteristic of the leaf is an example of a useful ads e/ .0v eseo,kdv- 3*lf;a1xiv zar)zaptation?

  Which bird’s beak is best adapted for sucking n.6q y(wyae2cgectar from flowers?

  A population of plants with no resistance to herbivores may *okr-3 5uwsowdevelop into a population of plants that secrete a compound toxic to herbk- 3wwr*s u5ooivores. How could this change occur?

The diagram represents the evolz +ni6tg.lkx8 t lao8 1)1ttjcution of features in the forefoot of horses from the oldest ancestor (a) to modern day horses (e) t1.kxll68 cit)t o t1g8+znaj.

1.1.Distinguish between the earliest and most recent forefoot.

1.2.Explain the mechanism through which the horse forefoot has changed over time.

1.3.Suggest what would happen if ancestral horses were brought back and introduced into the wild today. Justify your answer.

2.State the definition of evolution.

3.Different horse breeds exist in varying geographical locations. Suggest one possible way to show that these horses living in different geographical locations were from the same species.

  How does meiosis result briqmyhx +vux;/.hdx 9 .hbh /.a/,i,mr t2qfin variation?

Darwin’s finches are a group of approximately 18 finches which share a commq.0p6* iulv vr1/kcjk on ancestor and are found on the Galapagos islands. Four of th lkk/61q *i0c rvujp.vese finches are shown below.

1.1.Explain the differences in beak shape and size shown in the four individuals A, B, C, D.

1.2.State two possible causes of genetic variation between finches found on the same island.

1.3.Discuss the hypothesis that the finches found on different islands are different species.

2.Species tend to produce more offspring than their environment can support. Explain how this contributes to natural selection.

  Which of the following is not an example of sp (bpbuut7d+ 5lvdm+ x-eciation?

1.Describe how mutations can rsyiq wt)5/t. jesult in natural selection.

2.Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of a population producing more offspring than the environment can support.

3.Explain how the misuse of antibiotics can lead to the development of bacterial resistance.

  Evolutionary fitness is a term m j u-2m e ;rrs-cl2g+isih,- no)j,ubused to describe adaptations. Which of the following m,,se2io;n -lhjusg)b-+m2ur-cr i j best describes the term evolutionary fitness?