What is the correct definition of a ge :cr;7v vc*t*j: rqjsine pool?

  Which would not cause akn.rrj5mhx7*3 -k7 y(ig 3o2pkfurf changes to the allele frequency within a population?

  Which of the following identifies a similarity and difference between natural .x *9arz9oe- zym3a:vu hxu+asele.:xx *z-u39m e huzr v+ya9aaoction and selective breeding?

  As pollution levels rise, the trees that tjbb)zsl qh .e91h)g0r3a a0h phe peppered moth (Biston betularia) lives on will becomeebjz 91lh)hhr03.ab )as0qp g darker. What effect will this have on the peppered moth population numbers?

  Which option lists examples of7rt 3g1vd t 4pmyk.(ymwfe)2r evidence that can be used to support the theory of evo ef.ymt7m(g1)4ktwp2 drvry 3lution?

  Which statement(s) abou(1xd q.xfphquj:b7;x t natural selection is/are true?
I. Learned behaviour changes over time.
II. Individuals that are better adapted are more likely to survive.
III. It decreases the frequency of characteristics that make individuals better adapted.

  Which statement is true of punctuated equilib h a/ pu(ol1exp5fcs:,rium?

  The graph shows the relationship between (c 4);o bmqff)bsldxyp1 cz40 the adult neck length of Masai giraffes (G. tippelskirchi) and the average lifespan. What b l fdy4)mp x)bf(4czs0c q;1otype of selection is shown by the graph?

  Which of the following could lcj,8s:z 3hcfsn ft*qp m v6e;5ead to the development of antibiotic resistance?

  The peppered moth (Biston betularia) is often used as an example when discusbd3s83 cirvm9sing industrial melanism.98m3cvsi d3b r

Which of the following is responsible for the increase in the proportion of the melanic form during the industrial revolution?
I. Increased mutation rate
II. Natural selection
III. Sexual selection

  How does gradual divergence provide evidef nww0 /;v/xvhj9fo4 1d 5e5cbalaj )wnce for evolution?

  In a population of finches,c5 xkw;v.x*paccla0ac 1 ) ma- the frequency of finches with large beaks has increased relative to the frequency of finches with small beaks. What could have been a wa- cmxaa0xv 5clac;.k1*) cp cause for this?

1.Outline the possible causes of changes to a gebh,,l; agq/5skw4id nne pool.

2.Suggest one possible cause of the gene pool getting smaller.

3.Explain how a small gene pool could have a detrimental effect on a population.

  Which of the following is/are example(s) of selective breediny+.nno qr 5ee))z+ wxi :1nrmpg?
I. A puppy is taught to sit.
II. Cows that produce high volumes of milk have been crossed with cows that have large amounts of meat.
III.Development of antibiotic resistance in bacteria.

The diagram shows how the effect of growing bacteria wiln*tvel 5.l w3 b1rb o:u2pe 5d4oeot9th different antibiotics can be investigated. A study was conducted to test the degree of antibiotic resistance that bacteria from a hospital door handle had develope:vnputl3o5le2o dwo5 r.b l 4t9 1eeb*d. Measurements of the zone of inhibition were taken every 3 days, for 15 days.



1.State which antibiotic is the least effective at preventing bacterial growth.

2.State two variables that must be controlled in this experiment, other than those already given.

3.1.Identify the anomalous result from the study.

3.2.Suggest how the anomalous result may have arisen.

4.Explain how natural selection can lead to antibiotic resistance in bacteria.

5.The researchers suggested that vancomycin could be used more extensively to treat bacterial infections. Discuss to what extent you agree with this.

Sickle cell anaemia is a traij :x8/rmah a0b+sh l:dt that is inherited in a codominant manner. The graph shows the proportions of people who::0jaalhbhxr/ s +md 8 are homozygous affected (Hb$^S$Hb$^S$ ), homozygous unaffected (Hb$^A$Hb$^A$ ) and heterozygous (Hb$^A$ Hb$^S$ ) for the trait over 50 years in Nigeria, West Africa. Malaria, which is a parasitic disease that infects red blood cells, is prevalent in Nigeria.

1.Using the graph, explain whether the sickle cell trait is likely to be in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium.

2.1Describe the trends observed in the graph.

2.2.Suggest a reason for the trend in heterozygotes found in this malaria infected region of Africa.

3.The frequency of the recessive allele in the population was found to be 0.62, calculate the frequency of the dominant allele in the population.

4.1.Assuming that this population is in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium, predict what would happen to the frequency of recessive alleles in the population over 50 more years.

4.2.Outline a reason for your answer.

5.Explain why, under ‘real world’ conditions, it is difficult for organisms to be in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium.

  The graph shows the number of female African elephant 2o:gsqqml7 6d3pq34unv o8shs (Loxodonta africana) born without tusks in Gorongosa National Park. Howoqh nd83u s 2:sm4 qg36vlopq7 does natural selection explain the trend shown in the graph?

  In the Indian ocean, sand colmtt**a6jwy yvjby6s bc*g* 49oured oysters blend into rocks in the sand bar and dark coloured oysters blend better into the deepest parts of the ocean. What t*tsv9 y a*ty4*bwg6mcb* 6jyjype of selection is this an example of?

  Which of the following statements best describes an analogous slt1g-rq c/h37d al d kiooc5t/ 0tf1l1tructure?

  Based on the structure of each forelimb shown below, which one x0 ;tx:jpf6hq is likely to be analogousxqf;0 thx:p6j?

  Which are examples of directionav fvvu o.3zo,1*yy 0iel)+qyhl selection?
I. Human babies with an average birth weight are more likely to survive than those that are below or above average
II. Black peppered moths are more likely to survive than lighter moths in industrial areas as they can camouflage better
III. Larger salmons are fished, resulting in the better survival of smaller salmons

  Which is not an example of (bo/mr9uvoqedh 9, ,0msz 9banatural selection?

  Broad-leaved plants are often found near the ground inh d(yxp3vv:8z tropical rainforests. Which characteristic of the leaf is an example of a useful adaptati8pd hy( v3:vzxon?

  Which bird’s beak is best adapted for sucking nect1y x-te0wh /naar from flowers?

  A population of plants with no resistance to h -v8k,kjigj0 terbivores may develop into a population of p-j8,g ivjkt0 klants that secrete a compound toxic to herbivores. How could this change occur?

The diagram represents the evolution of features in the fore5f3z)n , 9, cc ilc(:olnrndvffoot of horses from the oldest ancestor (a) to modern day hz :5(nvc3,,onclinlff) c 9drorses (e).

1.1.Distinguish between the earliest and most recent forefoot.

1.2.Explain the mechanism through which the horse forefoot has changed over time.

1.3.Suggest what would happen if ancestral horses were brought back and introduced into the wild today. Justify your answer.

2.State the definition of evolution.

3.Different horse breeds exist in varying geographical locations. Suggest one possible way to show that these horses living in different geographical locations were from the same species.

  How does meiosis resul954c veb(2u c hgaz( do.lput;t in variation?

Darwin’s finches are a groupcrx 3z :r-8awm of approximately 18 finches which share a common ancestor anmw-crrz3x a 8:d are found on the Galapagos islands. Four of these finches are shown below.

1.1.Explain the differences in beak shape and size shown in the four individuals A, B, C, D.

1.2.State two possible causes of genetic variation between finches found on the same island.

1.3.Discuss the hypothesis that the finches found on different islands are different species.

2.Species tend to produce more offspring than their environment can support. Explain how this contributes to natural selection.

  Which of the following is not an example ov1wth- jnm6 f+f speciation?

1.Describe how mutatio/z rsa+ohyk 8 c-jr/3vp6g s4rns can result in natural selection.

2.Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of a population producing more offspring than the environment can support.

3.Explain how the misuse of antibiotics can lead to the development of bacterial resistance.

  Evolutionary fitness is a term ust,wei urs5 x k,4.lgnx96s: gaed to describe adaptations. Which of the following best describes the term evolu4 ,,xt6:g.sna e5 iuxkw9gr sltionary fitness?