What is the correct definition of a gene po ibzn+lw8 u82qis x339junoiry cn678ol?

  Which would not cause changes to y t:ip4k/h xjidey1 d)0agk86the allele frequency within a population?

  Which of the following ij-2 io wc6dwt4dentifies a similarity and difference between natural selwdt64w2jo-c iection and selective breeding?

  As pollution levels rise, the trees that the peppes22tz hq +wlw;red moth (Biston betularia) lizl t 2q;+hwsw2ves on will become darker. What effect will this have on the peppered moth population numbers?

  Which option lists examplj-jpgqu*yx(.k1 sil/ es of evidence that can be used to support the theory of ei1g.k*ulsx (j-j/p yqvolution?

  Which statement(s) about natural selection is/z waot,c-o, 5lare true?
I. Learned behaviour changes over time.
II. Individuals that are better adapted are more likely to survive.
III. It decreases the frequency of characteristics that make individuals better adapted.

  Which statement is true of punctuated equilibrfu oha0o4 2g7huz5bqc/b4 jg6ium?

  The graph shows the relationship betweei3u50c au (ch.wctyw 3bvph5;n the adult neck length of Masai giraffes (G. tippelskirchi) and the average lifespan. What type of selection is 3 pb5uyt0 c hi 5(cuv.ww;3achshown by the graph?

  Which of the following could lead to the development of antibrl;.6z 4mgwuwgrzj9is83 zx(iotic resistance?

  The peppered moth (Biston betularia) is often used as/m,ovb1byj .n*2 ndy j an example when discussing industrialb/*d1mov.b jjnyn,2y melanism.

Which of the following is responsible for the increase in the proportion of the melanic form during the industrial revolution?
I. Increased mutation rate
II. Natural selection
III. Sexual selection

  How does gradual divergence pro f68 09eh q5c*vonygsivide evidence for evolution?

  In a population of fincwd6y8 ina8t/q ,0me0fkgvd9 pzvr;* hhes, the frequency of finches with large beaks has increased relative to the frequency of finches with small beaks. What could hav gv8fdrav09; y ed8hzi /w6m*p0,tnk qe been a cause for this?

1.Outline the possible causes of changes to a gene pa 7-vr/aic6 dgool.

2.Suggest one possible cause of the gene pool getting smaller.

3.Explain how a small gene pool could have a detrimental effect on a population.

  Which of the following is/are example(s) of selective breedi u r(a71l4 qrmrxi:ck*ng?
I. A puppy is taught to sit.
II. Cows that produce high volumes of milk have been crossed with cows that have large amounts of meat.
III.Development of antibiotic resistance in bacteria.

The diagram shows how the effect of growing bacteria with dpyw( bswmc,7ed+: :h5 f;ea4q/nbpqv ifferent antibiotics can be investigated. A study was conducted to test the degree of antibiotic resistance that bacteria from a hospital door handle had developed. Measurements of the zone of inhibition were ta47/yw d:: 5 qeqp(fw,mn avc+bhbse;pken every 3 days, for 15 days.



1.State which antibiotic is the least effective at preventing bacterial growth.

2.State two variables that must be controlled in this experiment, other than those already given.

3.1.Identify the anomalous result from the study.

3.2.Suggest how the anomalous result may have arisen.

4.Explain how natural selection can lead to antibiotic resistance in bacteria.

5.The researchers suggested that vancomycin could be used more extensively to treat bacterial infections. Discuss to what extent you agree with this.

Sickle cell anaemia is a trait thate+zhlhvhh q4b,/c d .e61u wa2 is inherited in a codominant manner. The graph shows the proportions lqch1+hd 4z h hu,bae./6v2 ewof people who are homozygous affected (Hb$^S$Hb$^S$ ), homozygous unaffected (Hb$^A$Hb$^A$ ) and heterozygous (Hb$^A$ Hb$^S$ ) for the trait over 50 years in Nigeria, West Africa. Malaria, which is a parasitic disease that infects red blood cells, is prevalent in Nigeria.

1.Using the graph, explain whether the sickle cell trait is likely to be in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium.

2.1Describe the trends observed in the graph.

2.2.Suggest a reason for the trend in heterozygotes found in this malaria infected region of Africa.

3.The frequency of the recessive allele in the population was found to be 0.62, calculate the frequency of the dominant allele in the population.

4.1.Assuming that this population is in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium, predict what would happen to the frequency of recessive alleles in the population over 50 more years.

4.2.Outline a reason for your answer.

5.Explain why, under ‘real world’ conditions, it is difficult for organisms to be in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium.

  The graph shows the numhx dddpez/.ge 72(xo1ber of female African elephants (Loxodonta africana) born without tusks in Gorongosa National Park. How does natural selection explain the trend shox.d epdoz 1eh2 /7(dgxwn in the graph?

  In the Indian ocean, sand coloured oysters blen;2w yloba 79mod into rocks in the sand bar and dark coloured oysters blend better into the deepest parts wm o;y9bo2la7 of the ocean. What type of selection is this an example of?

  Which of the following statements best describes an analogous shn h1ruxhqr0bnex46 e/:o 7:q tructure?

  Based on the structure of each forelimb shown belov/y*29d385s sfwhl slihbyh), g+mebw, which one is likely to be analogomys/hey sls3+g l8b h529 ,wv)dh *fbius?

  Which are examples of direcj7fkor780mis tional selection?
I. Human babies with an average birth weight are more likely to survive than those that are below or above average
II. Black peppered moths are more likely to survive than lighter moths in industrial areas as they can camouflage better
III. Larger salmons are fished, resulting in the better survival of smaller salmons

  Which is not an example of natural select1 vu:ea6xy,snoc5t7 ss 8btik- a5 gz.ion?

  Broad-leaved plants are often found netq q7twv6 1uimu0.)vx ar the ground in tropical rainforests. Which characteristic of the leaf is an vuu 1i.qq7wvtm)tx60example of a useful adaptation?

  Which bird’s beak is best adapted for sucking nectar from flowers? h9k:av,9po zere3 ab8v gxe,:

  A population of plants with no resistance to herbivores may deve2e3b ,3gi 9kvejv6hkb 9; rdxhlop into a population of plants that secrete a compound toxic to herr9kd3jh9 g3e6kv2x e;bhb ,ivbivores. How could this change occur?

The diagram represents the ev+dgaz g )a/h,volution of features in the forefoot of horses from the oldest ancegvd haza,/+g )stor (a) to modern day horses (e).

1.1.Distinguish between the earliest and most recent forefoot.

1.2.Explain the mechanism through which the horse forefoot has changed over time.

1.3.Suggest what would happen if ancestral horses were brought back and introduced into the wild today. Justify your answer.

2.State the definition of evolution.

3.Different horse breeds exist in varying geographical locations. Suggest one possible way to show that these horses living in different geographical locations were from the same species.

  How does meiosis result o 5a5mvv 1;udkclb8 +cin variation?

Darwin’s finches are a group of approximately 18 find /5szfrgq)p ob laye; zhq,r00h t56+ches which share a common ancestor and are found sl5eq0)rdot hyq6/p rh g0ab5fz+ ,z ;on the Galapagos islands. Four of these finches are shown below.

1.1.Explain the differences in beak shape and size shown in the four individuals A, B, C, D.

1.2.State two possible causes of genetic variation between finches found on the same island.

1.3.Discuss the hypothesis that the finches found on different islands are different species.

2.Species tend to produce more offspring than their environment can support. Explain how this contributes to natural selection.

  Which of the following i+g( .ix)ifz zm2e- toes not an example of speciation?

1.Describe how mutations can result ijh3;tnd hfu q )j9e9:sn natural selection.

2.Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of a population producing more offspring than the environment can support.

3.Explain how the misuse of antibiotics can lead to the development of bacterial resistance.

  Evolutionary fitness is a term used to describe adaptations. Whixxti-l- 9fw5r my4nns c y641xch of the following5w nxn y4-9ic-sl 6 4my1tfxxr best describes the term evolutionary fitness?