Which row in the table correctly describesb ce2 +: qpvhvs8d o9xni/sy/5 the shape and function of a named protei2 5ocvey:+9/h sbi 8/qvxdsnpn?

  Which nucleic acid carries genetic material m*o.1mdz1nzio u-(zw coding for proteins?

  Which of these does not cause mutation9o694)blt4ypczlnpr4a v mr 5 o .p*nhs?

  The diagram below shows the genex spksvd7esm (g7a (-/ieos2.c+-scvtic code table.

  Which of the following statement de-,aoy7*j,yaev*ha( r 0maws is false regarding translation?

  Which of the following contain peptiq- foqf88wangq o 7*pcgrxd 6-;h )sn3de bonds?
I. Amino Acids
II. Dipeptides
III. Proteins

  The table gives the gene- n)z /jr2vviwtic code.

Which polypeptide is produced by the mRNA sequence AUG GCU AAA UAG CGA?

  Which of the following contain peptide bonds? nsn: ai,mmnik b+f2 +6
I. Polypeptides
II. Amino acids
III. Proteins

  The diagram below shows m/ln5jh c o3(ethe genetic code.


Which of the following features can be deduced from the genetic code?
I. Codons consisting of different bases can code for the same amino acid
II. Codon AUG does not code for an amino acid
III. mRNA strands coding for a protein will always contain codons that do not code for amino acids

  Ribosomes have three binding sites. Which statements are correct fp9f f1.u efz0yor the functions of these siffy10e.u fp9z tes?

  What does the phrase ‘the genetic code is universa58 ,zhj-p ewwul’ mean?

  Which of the following reactions results in le ytnw:.z5h (the formation of a dipeptide from two amino actn (l eh:zw5y.ids?

The diagram below represents the proclm 4gqeqf+-3jess of translation.

1.1.Identify structures Q and R on the diagram.

1.2.Outline the roles of the binding sites within structure R.

1.3.State the name of the entire structure which has formed in the diagram.

2.Describe how the named structure a(iii) works.

3.Describe the secondary structure of a protein.

  The diagram shows how RNA is transcribe tdjk /emif+8ft701ok d from DNA. What structures are indicated by the labelsf kd0o7f1it j8 k/me+t X, Y, and Z?

The diagram below shows the genetic b.-bohbyz orr9 no8oc y11;2lf6rr/qcode.


1.Identify the amino acid sequence of a peptide produced from the following mRNA codon sequence using the genetic code.
5’– AUG GGG AAG GGU CGA AGC UAA – 3’

2.Codons need to consist of a sequence of three bases to code for one amino acid. State one reason why codons need to consist of three bases.

3.Calculate the number of nucleotides present in the mRNA strand if the polypeptide synthesised has a length of 120 amino acids.

  Which statements about translation are/4 *u tonk7yazxi2)mv not true?
I. Mature mRNA binds to the large subunit of the ribosome before the small subunit.
II. The A site is the first site that the initiation tRNA binds to.
III. The polypeptide chain is released when release factors bind to the E site.

  Which of the following shows the correct swd ob+:daat3f8m3tg2equence of mRNA synthesis?
I. RNA polymerase matches free nucleotides to the DNA strand.
II. Transcription continues until it reaches a terminator sequence.
III. RNA polymerase binds to the promoter region.

  The diagram below shows a protein composed of three polypeptide char9k6 2h e9dohj,bt: muins, each chain containso2uh:jr 6h9 kt,dm9e b 20 amino acids.

How many water molecules would be released in the synthesis of one of these chains?

  A non-coding (antisense) strand of DNA consists of the fqg; xyq. ytf*l.th5edw*00z 9e2ttai )dc +e gollowing nucleotides:
GGCACATTAG
Which of the following represents the RNA transcript produced by this DNA strand?

  The diagram shows a molecule8 ibo; x/( fbs ,xw3s4hue8dcp that plays an important role in protein synthesis. p/ bw4shi,oc(3s; e8ufxx db8

Which is found at X?
I. Uncoiled DNA
II. Amino acid binding site
III. RNA nucleotides

  A single base substitution mutation ilre* y6 *qko(64hw dvoccurs and a stop codon is not produced. Which of the following is notkvh6* (46ql* idr oewy a possible consequence of this type of mutation?

  If the DNA in a somatic cell:c ,yxvstxz0il(98 lh is changed in an animal as a result of a mutation, which of thhtyls8,x x(9 cizlv:0e following could most significantly affect other tissues in the animal?

  Which statement about translationjy 8;8fsvi.c f.rps7 g only applies to prokaryotes?

  The diagram shows a tRNA molec. 98 gr1wn ud2reb*bypule. Which of the following would bind to the position labellew981pub2 eygdr *n.brd R?

The diagram below shows the j/d(scob9*(bloksk- webq72 replication of DNA.


1.Describe the characteristics of the enzyme Taq polymerase.

2.Suggest what the consequences for a cell would be if transcription were to stop.

3.Outline the roles of all enzymes involved in the replication of DNA and in the synthesis of mRNA through transcription.

1.Distinguish between eukaryoti+ltn :hy6:,pfky lr f7c and prokaryotic transcription.

2.Describe the roles of non-coding DNA sequences.

3.Describe the role of DNA-binding proteins in gene expression.

Different species of living organisms have differerjh ;3lz4d8smnt numbers of genes characteristic to them. The table shows the estimated number of genes for five species.;mzrd48l jh3s
Species Estimated number of genes
Escherichia coli (bacteria species) 4,000
Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly) 13,000
Canis lupis familiaris (dog) 20,000
Homo sapiens (humans) 30,000
Oryza sativa (rice) 40,000

1.Using the information in the table deduce the estimated number of loci in a human genome.

2.Explain how a mutation can affect a characteristic.

1.Describe the characteristics of the genetic c54k6zibc5 wd(cey,q v ode.

2.Outline, with examples, the importance of complementary base pairing.

3.Explain the roles of RNA and ribosomes in the formation of a polypeptide chain once mRNA has exited the nucleus.

The image below shows a short fragment of the DNA molec0+0:xr3ih4 uh fyow- +al vtgnule.


1.Suggest one possible outcome if DNA consisted of two parallel strands instead of two antiparallel strands.

2.The structure of DNA is described as being a 'double helix'. Explain how this structure is related to the DNA function.

3.Compare and contrast the nitrogenous bases thymine and uracil.

  Why can a eukaryote produce a large(drk vl).+njd,y2pz cr number of mRNA transcripts than the number y zcp2k dl.v)(r,+njdof genes in its genome?