Which of the following o :p a l185hui4r(zgck*pg,f idoes not cause coronary heart disease?

  Which component of blood is mainly composed of water and transports water-solubcwg; ywa*c5j0nhx/,8mq g; *uuqomk- le substancwkgmayxo, q* mc;u/5w-*g8cu;qj0 n hes to different parts of the body?

  Which of the following is/are a feature ofu,z wwqn-an / dze;( 99gy5cnb phloem?
I. Sieve plates
II. Plasmodesmata
III. High lignin content

  Which row in the table is correct for sugar transport invet2 9zdve(c 5 phloem?

  What helps prevent the bahw rx(ucalr o46g9* x1ima+ g+ckflow of blood in a vein?

  Zea mays, pictured below, is a speci4.ffb ck:hy hoo-.uc -es of flowering plant which is often used as a model for the study of seed anatom.yck u.o hb-f:ohf-4cy.


A cross-section of the stem was taken from a specimen, and it was stained and viewed using a light microscope at 100x magnification. The resulting image is shown below.

1.Using the image of the stem cross-section above, draw a simple labelled diagram demonstrating the orientation and structure of a vascular bundle within the stem of a plant.

2.State the name of the structure responsible for transporting organic compounds in plants.   transports organic molecules in plants

  Which row in the table bemdnku+vn059 w.9 apr ybgd(or;h tzofw 0(4s9low is not correct for the structure and function of differenw t.5rkp4 9vh9a +ogz0(b sdwd9yn0of;u mnr (t blood vessels?

  The micrograph shows a transvl -l ( 6:oq6bz1znfifzerse section through a leaf.


1.1.Identify an adaptation of this leaf for its function.

1.2.Identify the cell organelle that is found in particularly high numbers in the palisade mesophyll cells.
The organelle in greater abundance in the palisade mesophyll cells is the   

This micrograph shows a transverse section through a pancreatic acinar cell. Acinar cells are found in the exocrine tissue of the pancreas.


2.1.Explain how the structure of this cell is related to the function of the synthesis of proteins for release from the cell.

2.2.State why an electron microscope is needed to view the ultrastructure of the acinar cells.

  Which region of the heart is involved in corl+k 2ejv. r6,rqty ,ontrolling the frequency at which it ber.t2j,r,qklo ryv +6eats?

  The diagram below shows a potometer which is used to measure water pikuls 9*5nc8uptake in plants. *u8s ick9lpn5

A plant cutting was placed in the potometer as shown above. What changes would be observed after a few hours?

  Which of the followi8+:izi2p2w zl moi1he ng statement(s) is/are true?
I. Cardiac muscle can contract on its own even if not stimulated by a nerve.
II. The left atrium of the heart has the thickest walls.
III. The valves in the heart prevent the backflow of blood and aid circulation.

  Which of the following shows- t ewp9(2lhry tw)fo+ the direction of blood flow into and out of the heart? f+whe(o)t 2y-9lwpt r

  The diagram below shows the structure of tdf-by6iow3a- t 43rs phe human heart.



Based on the diagram, which labels identify the aorta and the left ventricle?

  From which chamber of the heart ih+m;a zi(h/tt fek; ;vs blood pumped into the pulmonary artery?

  Which of the following carries oxygenated blood fromt.qm/.se zpljs- :j vuhw9(y2 the lungs to the heart?

  The cohesive and adhesive properties of water allow xylem vessels to transpol*)h6lo 5z :drqffqc(lx*mo2 rt wate: mo 6zr 5fo ldql(q*xh)*lcf2r inside plants.
Which of the following are correct descriptions of how these properties are related to water transport in plants?

  Which structures doe (*ltiddx//*)k czw*fxjcr+zs sucrose pass through during phloem loading?
I. Plasmodesmata
II. Proton pumps
III. Co-transporter proteins

  In an investigation into the effects of0ip6cq5mmi3sjx7 j2s1w )2 sz k) oyzj artery occlusion on blood pressure, students set up a simple experiment. A rigid, hard, plastic tube, representing an artery, was fixed to an electric water pump, and the end was sealed with a rubber stopper. A single hole was drilled into the plastic tube and t si 5jz)3)ymi2ss2jj wp6x71m 0okcqzhe electric pump was turned on. Students measured the distance the water stream travelled.


In subsequent trials, students added increasing numbers of equally sized and shaped clay-like masses to the inside of the plastic tube and the distance the water stream travelled was measured again.


Results are shown below.

1.1.Identify the independent variable in this experiment.

1.2.State two control variables, not mentioned in the question, that must be kept constant in order to achieve valid results.

2.1.Outline the relationship between the number of clay-like masses and the distance travelled by the water stream.

2.2.Explain how the results of this experiment can be used to understand artery occlusion.

3.Based on the results, predict the distance travelled by the water stream if there were no clay-like masses present.
Distance travelled by water for 0 clay masses=  cm
4.1.Using your knowledge of coronary heart disease, suggest a reason for the anomalous result seen when 5 clay-like masses were present.

4.2.State a risk factor associated with coronary heart disease.

5.Identify a limitation of using the plastic tube to represent an artery in this experiment.

The diagram below represents the circulatory sys5-6e1rrxjbrfl+ pu z6tem of a fish.


1.Distinguish between a double circulatory system and a single circulatory system.

2.Describe the advantages of a double circulatory system in humans.

The diagram below shows thw.qvcau) mr,+n5bhi 7 m)+2bln;tlire structure of a heart.

1.With the use of labels, identify the following in the diagram above.
right atrium
left ventricle
atrioventricular valves
semilunar valves

2.1.Identify the location of the sinoatrial node.

2.2.Describe the function of the sinoatrial node.

2..Describe how the heart responds to messages from the brain.

  The microphotograph below is an electron x8*y9y wd7-qugg n*pus on5k4 micrograph of a cross-section of a stem of the -ks* po*9guyd q4yw x58un 7ngmonocot Zea mays.

Which letter identifies phloem?

  The diagram below shows the structure of the human hm))gsbjlc hx8j ,x4 s9eart.


Which of the following statement(s) is/are true?

I. When the walls of the atria contract, blood flows from the atria to the ventricles because the atrioventricular valves are open
II. When the walls of the ventricles contract, the increase in pressure causes the atrioventricular valves to close which prevents the backflow of blood from the ventricles to the atria.
III. When the ventricles stop contracting, the pressure falls and the semilunar valves close preventing backflow from the arteries to the ventricles.

  The image below is an electron micrograph of the stem of the qfogazqok8 ti :;y;dja41 36q monocot Zea Mays.

What function is performed by the structure labelled X?

  What effect does the evapizn+xi*w .:mg ,o :bdporation of water in leaves have on other parts of a plantz,d*pi nw+m: .xo:bi g?

  What is the position of the atrioventricular and semilunar valves at the point j.erwgj 6(dt9x k*wr-in thwj.rkt*(r g9-e6xw jde cardiac cycle at which the pressure in the left ventricle is the greatest?

  The diagram shows sucrose being passively loaded into the sieve tube u qqtl:t+ p(+zz7 j-mvunaided, before being transported around the plant.jv +zqzqp-tlu7t( :+m

Which structure is labelled X?

The micrograph below shows the xylem vessels in a devel8l7 g)k o.wxej++z lzioping shoot taken at 400× magnificatk)lz.wexzgi+8jo7 + lion.

1.Draw and label the structure of a primary xylem vessel in a developing shoot using the micrograph above.

2.Describe the features of xylem vessels which enable them to withstand changes in pressure.

3.Explain why the active uptake of mineral ions in roots leads to the absorption of water.

  What is the main factor that causes the pressure inside xylem vessels ta/ hpn0n3r ye,t.h3 zio be lower than atmospheric pressut0.3n pryizhhe3 n,a /re?

  How are most mineral ions in the soil absorbk4s -c 2sjun4bed by roots?

1.Outline the risk factors and conhv 47 5wsvvzsmd1dv kv 4h8(4fu 7ng36iran2vsequences associated with plaque buildup in the coronary arvs7s14m v47vw4 adnn8v6fkvv 5ig 2z h3ruh(dteries.

2.Outline how the pressure changes in the left atrium and left ventricle affect the surrounding valves and blood flow.

3.Explain how the structural features of the arteries, veins and capillaries are adapted to support their functions.

  Which of the following is l4v .nnm/jj yl4l,; dciikely to have the highest lignin content?

  The graph shows the results of an experiment which used radioactivek17 sa9o-p xbul;vi *sly labelled carbon dios xlb1 piosa 7;-u9*kvxide (14$CO_2$ ) to investigate the time taken for sap to travel to different colonies of aphids present on a plant.

Which conclusion could be supported by these results?

1.Compare and contrast the pdvfy+nr1i ,l z61hp/c hloem found in the stem and the root of a plant.

2.Outline the mechanisms by which sucrose is loaded into sieve tubes.

3.Explain the changes in hydrostatic pressure within the phloem that facilitate the transport of phloem sap from sources to sinks.

  Which row best represents the solute concentration and dfkv:,m7m: j rltd4mi,wb r :,5fs m.ihydrostatic pressure within the sieve tubes near the leaves and roots?,,, 4i5:.rr mm7twidmf:s:m dlv bjfk

  The image below represents the changes in pressure in the lef44p )*p(hy3fgax+k y2a wvo vlt atrium, left ventrfvapvw p* a23x)ohl44g( +y kyicle and the aorta.

At point II in the diagram, which of the following is likely to take place?

  Which row in the table correctly identifies features of wi86 3j aij6xosieve tube elements?

  This image shows an aphid with its stylet inserted ih42ze z l5olunu71x3fnto a plant. Aphids have been used tozze 5143x2nllu h7 fuo study transport in plants.

1.Name the tissue that aphids insert their stylets into.
This tissue is   .
2.Outline how scientists use aphids to study the substance transported in this tissue.

3.Explain the differences in the contents and rate of flow of phloem sap at sources and sinks.