Which of the following does not cause coronary heart disease?5i n tw,.m-wyn

  Which component of blood is mainly composed of water and transportszgu r:z :/h82kp ar+bz wj45pd2d4rso water-soluble substances to different parts oprpr 8d5/2sgza j 4od:: z+2zh4bwrk uf the body?

  Which of the following aluqmi,2i (0 vis/are a feature of phloem?
I. Sieve plates
II. Plasmodesmata
III. High lignin content

  Which row in the table is correct for sugar transport in phl-rhj +8 nk92 hauwpoy:oem?

  What helps prevent the backflow of 6bnlqun-u6 o*blood in a vein?

  Zea mays, pictured below, is a species of flowering plant wx1a3)taprbb g/bu 4l,h qtf64 hich is often used as a model for the study glb,hra6 f bb4t/3)xt14q uap of seed anatomy.


A cross-section of the stem was taken from a specimen, and it was stained and viewed using a light microscope at 100x magnification. The resulting image is shown below.

1.Using the image of the stem cross-section above, draw a simple labelled diagram demonstrating the orientation and structure of a vascular bundle within the stem of a plant.

2.State the name of the structure responsible for transporting organic compounds in plants.   transports organic molecules in plants

  Which row in the table below is not correct for the structure anlf cd 0k4:: mdohdaza2tz,:p;d function of different blood ves;ht c, :zkp2zfdma oda:d0:4lsels?

  The micrograph shows ijdagwibuf/kv7)2ha m4;2 s:2 d1j8ya1 vzhu a transverse section through a leaf.


1.1.Identify an adaptation of this leaf for its function.

1.2.Identify the cell organelle that is found in particularly high numbers in the palisade mesophyll cells.
The organelle in greater abundance in the palisade mesophyll cells is the   

This micrograph shows a transverse section through a pancreatic acinar cell. Acinar cells are found in the exocrine tissue of the pancreas.


2.1.Explain how the structure of this cell is related to the function of the synthesis of proteins for release from the cell.

2.2.State why an electron microscope is needed to view the ultrastructure of the acinar cells.

  Which region of the heart is involv,wsxu t45v6xp ed in controlling the frequency at which it beax,wvp4t56sxu ts?

  The diagram below shows a potometerg*k,r8 r sv:la which is used to measure water uptake in planl*,k:g rsarv8ts.

A plant cutting was placed in the potometer as shown above. What changes would be observed after a few hours?

  Which of the following statement(s) is/ x cxcvv tsq073:y2hy5are true?
I. Cardiac muscle can contract on its own even if not stimulated by a nerve.
II. The left atrium of the heart has the thickest walls.
III. The valves in the heart prevent the backflow of blood and aid circulation.

  Which of the following shows the direction of blood flow into and ou8q4;v*xlg m3viwx4y c t of the heart?xv xyc384i lw*qv4mg ;

  The diagram below shows the structuez et2(t hn d:lbq(m6+re of the human heart.



Based on the diagram, which labels identify the aorta and the left ventricle?

  From which chamber of the heart is bl zdn(t(l0wa+x r s,9bfood pumped into the pulmonary artery?

  Which of the following carries oxygenated blood from the lungs1a.jl,ksklziyl4ipb q v++ 6. to the heart?

  The cohesive and adhesive properties of wat6-me2 on6t1ti i1xu nxer allow xylem vessels to transport wat 21xutn 166it xm-eioner inside plants.
Which of the following are correct descriptions of how these properties are related to water transport in plants?

  Which structures does sucrose pass through duri;0p x+2 uw m)hmyueqjfns/v:5 ng phloem loading?
I. Plasmodesmata
II. Proton pumps
III. Co-transporter proteins

  In an investigation big:r qe32 mo p +/ p0yzkz4g heiug2r*l(q:s5into the effects of artery occlusion on blood pressure, students set up a simple experiment. A rigid, hard, plastic tupk3 0mr* eq iuh go/+(:gq b5eszgi2py:r2zl 4be, representing an artery, was fixed to an electric water pump, and the end was sealed with a rubber stopper. A single hole was drilled into the plastic tube and the electric pump was turned on. Students measured the distance the water stream travelled.


In subsequent trials, students added increasing numbers of equally sized and shaped clay-like masses to the inside of the plastic tube and the distance the water stream travelled was measured again.


Results are shown below.

1.1.Identify the independent variable in this experiment.

1.2.State two control variables, not mentioned in the question, that must be kept constant in order to achieve valid results.

2.1.Outline the relationship between the number of clay-like masses and the distance travelled by the water stream.

2.2.Explain how the results of this experiment can be used to understand artery occlusion.

3.Based on the results, predict the distance travelled by the water stream if there were no clay-like masses present.
Distance travelled by water for 0 clay masses=  cm
4.1.Using your knowledge of coronary heart disease, suggest a reason for the anomalous result seen when 5 clay-like masses were present.

4.2.State a risk factor associated with coronary heart disease.

5.Identify a limitation of using the plastic tube to represent an artery in this experiment.

The diagram below represents the circulatory system of a fi0*z yel 1l m9qec: mu7pvjd5-rsh.


1.Distinguish between a double circulatory system and a single circulatory system.

2.Describe the advantages of a double circulatory system in humans.

The diagram below shows wpdc d:/qicq2 /e,kr3 iqq*o,the structure of a heart.

1.With the use of labels, identify the following in the diagram above.
right atrium
left ventricle
atrioventricular valves
semilunar valves

2.1.Identify the location of the sinoatrial node.

2.2.Describe the function of the sinoatrial node.

2..Describe how the heart responds to messages from the brain.

  The microphotograph below27 wwx65ayt ew is an electron micrograph of a cross-section of a stem of the monocot Ze2y5ew xta76wwa mays.

Which letter identifies phloem?

  The diagram below shows the structur f (,:vazne/pqe of the human heart.


Which of the following statement(s) is/are true?

I. When the walls of the atria contract, blood flows from the atria to the ventricles because the atrioventricular valves are open
II. When the walls of the ventricles contract, the increase in pressure causes the atrioventricular valves to close which prevents the backflow of blood from the ventricles to the atria.
III. When the ventricles stop contracting, the pressure falls and the semilunar valves close preventing backflow from the arteries to the ventricles.

  The image below is an electron micrograph of the stem of the monk4wc p;eke: +e5;1qplgaxj8c ocot Zea Mays.

What function is performed by the structure labelled X?

  What effect does the evaporation of water in leac 2ut8 r y81rjxp e/j(fmqo2*n 3yg2rives have on other parts of a plant?n2fqr j23p1rc2ix m* jyt(8/oe gyu 8r

  What is the position of the atriovt39 x1q t,6no+xnwu hcm4om b9entricular and semilunar valves at the point in the cardiac cycle at whi4x x + cw1nmbt6hq 9o9mo,3nutch the pressure in the left ventricle is the greatest?

  The diagram shows sucrose being pa)sadl-j hqov* kg)i1ba1 xz9)ssively loaded into the sieve tube unaided, before beingba )* q )o-ghxz)9 sv1ijk1ald transported around the plant.

Which structure is labelled X?

The micrograph below shows the xylem vessels in a deve0tszpckfkxs euhu(( q3yj1 8 d72bf96loping shoot taken at 400× mk(pjtduef2q(9u 76kc x8h1 0sfbzsy 3agnification.

1.Draw and label the structure of a primary xylem vessel in a developing shoot using the micrograph above.

2.Describe the features of xylem vessels which enable them to withstand changes in pressure.

3.Explain why the active uptake of mineral ions in roots leads to the absorption of water.

  What is the main factor that causes the 8;tjujjyca4 wd 9ff)1pressure inside xylem vessels to be lower than atmospheric pressured jt fwjcuy 9;4faj1)8?

  How are most mineral ions in tf4o x)feq4 tk,he soil absorbed by roots?

1.Outline the risk factors and consequences associatedam:kklo xx*,)-4 bp 2fowki0d with plaque buildup in thw kf- m0x)od2pkolia,b*xk: 4e coronary arteries.

2.Outline how the pressure changes in the left atrium and left ventricle affect the surrounding valves and blood flow.

3.Explain how the structural features of the arteries, veins and capillaries are adapted to support their functions.

  Which of the following is likely to have the highest lignin conten 6a 6y usc1l6yd*-ebddt?

  The graph shows the results of an experiment which used radioactiveyioa*ovq *zpf61)/t h4djjk+ ly labelled carbo)j4df1h oz/a+ 6 * *oipkyjqtvn dioxide (14$CO_2$ ) to investigate the time taken for sap to travel to different colonies of aphids present on a plant.

Which conclusion could be supported by these results?

1.Compare and contrast the phloem fou*z52 y swie /ncqj-8qznd in the stem and the root of a plant.

2.Outline the mechanisms by which sucrose is loaded into sieve tubes.

3.Explain the changes in hydrostatic pressure within the phloem that facilitate the transport of phloem sap from sources to sinks.

  Which row best represents the solute concentration and hydrl .k l7 p07 owj).:w.ikzwmvnkostatic pressure within tv7w).wkk 0ol:.k7m izplnjw .he sieve tubes near the leaves and roots?

  The image below represents the changes in pressure in the left atrium, left vyk1.1,sq3i f c4ap. .bepfsghentricle and yp q.as..3ib4 ,phkgs11ffcethe aorta.

At point II in the diagram, which of the following is likely to take place?

  Which row in the table correctltq+cihcl m6w:g-- g j4y identifies features of sieve tube elements?

  This image shows an aphid with its stylet iwiq0 uc ,r7w 4t oq.ztj;z5de(nserted into a plant. Aphids have been used tji7 r4z(cqwz,dw0 e.u; qot 5to study transport in plants.

1.Name the tissue that aphids insert their stylets into.
This tissue is   .
2.Outline how scientists use aphids to study the substance transported in this tissue.

3.Explain the differences in the contents and rate of flow of phloem sap at sources and sinks.