Which of the following )msb*a mn7cp2does not cause coronary heart disease?

  Which component of blood is mainly composed of water and transports 5ptcs1gjvs z195+ sftwater-soluble substances to different parts of the body?5sctp1s gzts915 +jvf

  Which of the following is/are a feature of phloem?l8aj2wqdlpbb ;8(s elbsy+6f ,phl k4 : mwy87
I. Sieve plates
II. Plasmodesmata
III. High lignin content

  Which row in the table is cor: py;pkor:;mjrect for sugar transport in phloem?

  What helps prevent the backflow of blood in-czhhzq j+h :3 a vein?

  Zea mays, pictured below, is ,ht3. niaz qe3a species of flowering plant which is often used as a modela,h33te.iqnz for the study of seed anatomy.


A cross-section of the stem was taken from a specimen, and it was stained and viewed using a light microscope at 100x magnification. The resulting image is shown below.

1.Using the image of the stem cross-section above, draw a simple labelled diagram demonstrating the orientation and structure of a vascular bundle within the stem of a plant.

2.State the name of the structure responsible for transporting organic compounds in plants.   transports organic molecules in plants

  Which row in the tablefs3 cs4bj :q:y5ebi p) below is not correct for the structure and function of differy 4 ipcs:3b5eq:js)f bent blood vessels?

  The micrograph shows a transver/bhs+oepl+n d jo; h55se section through a leaf.


1.1.Identify an adaptation of this leaf for its function.

1.2.Identify the cell organelle that is found in particularly high numbers in the palisade mesophyll cells.
The organelle in greater abundance in the palisade mesophyll cells is the   

This micrograph shows a transverse section through a pancreatic acinar cell. Acinar cells are found in the exocrine tissue of the pancreas.


2.1.Explain how the structure of this cell is related to the function of the synthesis of proteins for release from the cell.

2.2.State why an electron microscope is needed to view the ultrastructure of the acinar cells.

  Which region of the heart is involved inp:w gha)5 frr f 8s(017d9gucebee+iu controlling the frequency at which it bbfui1grcp+fh)e08e7eu 9: rds 5gaw (eats?

  The diagram below shows a potometer which is used tt-t(z ulo.vj *t 4vjp(o measure water uptake in plavjl4t ((pz.o *j -uvttnts.

A plant cutting was placed in the potometer as shown above. What changes would be observed after a few hours?

  Which of the followin2f2cspiu qjfinsgh*p65cg) 4h.z.4 w g statement(s) is/are true?
I. Cardiac muscle can contract on its own even if not stimulated by a nerve.
II. The left atrium of the heart has the thickest walls.
III. The valves in the heart prevent the backflow of blood and aid circulation.

  Which of the followingk/ojo eqk /ob+k- 61it shows the direction of blood flow into and out of the heart? jo6e/k q/bokio-t+k1

  The diagram below shows the s*l ep jbo hpvd9+vo462tructure of the human heart.



Based on the diagram, which labels identify the aorta and the left ventricle?

  From which chamber of the heart is blood pe,2 lpep n*o7(7f.kssvx hzu* ipq -e fi1)5wqumped into the pulmonary artery?

  Which of the following oe*wmoe-jo (+ carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart?

  The cohesive and adhesive properties of water allow xylem vestqz:wjgp k )ob+ 6v/.tsels to transport wao .v/tqtbjg 6) :p+zwkter inside plants.
Which of the following are correct descriptions of how these properties are related to water transport in plants?

  Which structures does sucrose pass prp/:*k djm o1through during phloem loading?
I. Plasmodesmata
II. Proton pumps
III. Co-transporter proteins

  In an investigation into the ef(ykc3g3i(ey c2p*xrz fects of artery occlusion on blood pressure, students set up a simple experiment. A rigid, hard, plastic tube, representing an artery, was fixed to an electric water pump, and the end was sealedei*x3c cgrk (3y2zyp( with a rubber stopper. A single hole was drilled into the plastic tube and the electric pump was turned on. Students measured the distance the water stream travelled.


In subsequent trials, students added increasing numbers of equally sized and shaped clay-like masses to the inside of the plastic tube and the distance the water stream travelled was measured again.


Results are shown below.

1.1.Identify the independent variable in this experiment.

1.2.State two control variables, not mentioned in the question, that must be kept constant in order to achieve valid results.

2.1.Outline the relationship between the number of clay-like masses and the distance travelled by the water stream.

2.2.Explain how the results of this experiment can be used to understand artery occlusion.

3.Based on the results, predict the distance travelled by the water stream if there were no clay-like masses present.
Distance travelled by water for 0 clay masses=  cm
4.1.Using your knowledge of coronary heart disease, suggest a reason for the anomalous result seen when 5 clay-like masses were present.

4.2.State a risk factor associated with coronary heart disease.

5.Identify a limitation of using the plastic tube to represent an artery in this experiment.

The diagram below represents the circulatory system tptz6e 2x -vrnf-)s fp:3 5xauof a fish.


1.Distinguish between a double circulatory system and a single circulatory system.

2.Describe the advantages of a double circulatory system in humans.

The diagram below shows the structure ofdr6l 4/t+qm a vu -l ntskd*gz+b(r-p8 a heart.

1.With the use of labels, identify the following in the diagram above.
right atrium
left ventricle
atrioventricular valves
semilunar valves

2.1.Identify the location of the sinoatrial node.

2.2.Describe the function of the sinoatrial node.

2..Describe how the heart responds to messages from the brain.

  The microphotograph below is an electron micrograxks mitx6 -mmdubo 6 /48wvby)h,gh+9 ph of a cross-section of a stem of the monocot Zea ma,xk bv)sm i4x /th96+go6m-8hudwmb yys.

Which letter identifies phloem?

  The diagram below shows the structure of zbjc (r5x4in,the human heart.


Which of the following statement(s) is/are true?

I. When the walls of the atria contract, blood flows from the atria to the ventricles because the atrioventricular valves are open
II. When the walls of the ventricles contract, the increase in pressure causes the atrioventricular valves to close which prevents the backflow of blood from the ventricles to the atria.
III. When the ventricles stop contracting, the pressure falls and the semilunar valves close preventing backflow from the arteries to the ventricles.

  The image below is an electron micrograph of the stem of the monocot Zea qd96zizqc3 /qMays.

What function is performed by the structure labelled X?

  What effect does the evaporation dombk5*/9 ei nof water in leaves have on other parts of a pla kdn*be /m5i9ont?

  What is the position of the atrioventricular a-ts3f )/y*dg yy);e iohmf :pcnd semilunar valves at the point in the cardiac cycle at which the pressure in the left ventricle is theyh/gy3:od -yf tp*msic)e)f ; greatest?

  The diagram shows sucrose being passivo) h)6nh ot,cdely loaded into the sieve tube unaided, beforhdt)6co h no),e being transported around the plant.

Which structure is labelled X?

The micrograph below sb j5s)z0yu m3qhows the xylem vessels in a developing shoot taken at 400×5yq3) m bzsu0j magnification.

1.Draw and label the structure of a primary xylem vessel in a developing shoot using the micrograph above.

2.Describe the features of xylem vessels which enable them to withstand changes in pressure.

3.Explain why the active uptake of mineral ions in roots leads to the absorption of water.

  What is the main factor that causes thebnmh,5n9 ;uc2.ab vjg pressure inside xylem vessels to be lower than atmosncn5bb gv. ,h a2u;mj9pheric pressure?

  How are most mineral ions in the soil absorbed by roots?s7*vmpko6n-m f5*e qw

1.Outline the risk factorsubqa r7p6tg bq4 )kr8ka6:7cb and consequences associated with plaque buildup in the coronary arteries.7 gq8ar4brct6a7p 6qu)k:b bk

2.Outline how the pressure changes in the left atrium and left ventricle affect the surrounding valves and blood flow.

3.Explain how the structural features of the arteries, veins and capillaries are adapted to support their functions.

  Which of the following is likely to have the highest lignin content?e;7f+3en9x))jpz x cber tuy 7

  The graph shows the results of an ex(rhd67;odcqp 3d vyp -periment which used radioactively labelled carbon dioxide 3dcydq- vdh(p 76po;r(14$CO_2$ ) to investigate the time taken for sap to travel to different colonies of aphids present on a plant.

Which conclusion could be supported by these results?

1.Compare and contrast the phgn9ut;5y)qckl2- g hg loem found in the stem and the root of a plant.

2.Outline the mechanisms by which sucrose is loaded into sieve tubes.

3.Explain the changes in hydrostatic pressure within the phloem that facilitate the transport of phloem sap from sources to sinks.

  Which row best represents the solute concent vxj:- n1d)a wfj:4hlwrz*fwqw,bh 35ration and hydrostatic pressure within the sieve tubes near the leaves and roots? q4wjd- hh1:v jx3f w )5wbfan*,rzwl:

  The image below represents the changes in pressure in the left atrium, left vg.c/ixmh :0yb entrcbmg:. /x hy0iicle and the aorta.

At point II in the diagram, which of the following is likely to take place?

  Which row in the table correctly identifies features of sieve tube elements+s4m(l xd c 2nijq pfp32,hky,?

  This image shows an aphid with its stylet inserted into a plant. Aphids have a5s:tuat02 7r : mjkelbeen ust5r72a:tl k mua :j0esed to study transport in plants.

1.Name the tissue that aphids insert their stylets into.
This tissue is   .
2.Outline how scientists use aphids to study the substance transported in this tissue.

3.Explain the differences in the contents and rate of flow of phloem sap at sources and sinks.