Which of the following does not cause co1/ nstsywcw1so 5) ,eo9 pu1fsronary heart disease?

  Which component of blood is mainly composed of water and transporqp-: qa7io17ri x;l juts water-soluble 71 l :x ir-j;aqpoqu7isubstances to different parts of the body?

  Which of the following is/are a feature of phloere1igpps l(11ia/ )bhuh( *tkm?
I. Sieve plates
II. Plasmodesmata
III. High lignin content

  Which row in the table is correct for sugar transportb:ji( eg a:8ht in phloem?

  What helps prevent the backflow of bloj fc4*njn 1;xqso/o9cod in a vein?

  Zea mays, pictured below, is a species of flowering plant which n* ui/ 8n5drmku;dzw1is often used as a model for the stud*rdn/k5 i8;zd1um u nwy of seed anatomy.


A cross-section of the stem was taken from a specimen, and it was stained and viewed using a light microscope at 100x magnification. The resulting image is shown below.

1.Using the image of the stem cross-section above, draw a simple labelled diagram demonstrating the orientation and structure of a vascular bundle within the stem of a plant.

2.State the name of the structure responsible for transporting organic compounds in plants.   transports organic molecules in plants

  Which row in the table below is not correct for the struct f1*kbct*n7dy j:lm52e q. zzpure and function of different blood vesselsl* n2jz:m*tq.e7 1zf dybk5c p?

  The micrograph shows a transverse section through a los /*ru 79)anvwzog,jj9o eo5eaf.


1.1.Identify an adaptation of this leaf for its function.

1.2.Identify the cell organelle that is found in particularly high numbers in the palisade mesophyll cells.
The organelle in greater abundance in the palisade mesophyll cells is the   

This micrograph shows a transverse section through a pancreatic acinar cell. Acinar cells are found in the exocrine tissue of the pancreas.


2.1.Explain how the structure of this cell is related to the function of the synthesis of proteins for release from the cell.

2.2.State why an electron microscope is needed to view the ultrastructure of the acinar cells.

  Which region of the heart is involved in controlling the frequency a w09fgn bb:t:tt which it beats?nt:b:g t9wb0f

  The diagram below shows a potometer which is used toqa w1zw7nti5kr p 48378wumu9auu rp: measure water uptake in plantaw utk :r7pwnpu48uiwm qu8a13z5r 97s.

A plant cutting was placed in the potometer as shown above. What changes would be observed after a few hours?

  Which of the following statement(s) is/are true? ,gnxi4kn8cp7w +a :cxa2s z0 e
I. Cardiac muscle can contract on its own even if not stimulated by a nerve.
II. The left atrium of the heart has the thickest walls.
III. The valves in the heart prevent the backflow of blood and aid circulation.

  Which of the following shows the direction of blood flow into lg 3 rshw8/a26 dj6iukand out of the heart?u6 a/ lhr 82wdgksij36

  The diagram below shows the structure of theptk2q47bm/i (rom df j) jn1x4 human heart.



Based on the diagram, which labels identify the aorta and the left ventricle?

  From which chamber of the heart is blood pumped into the pulmonary arteryoc.bnju (b8: 4dpyd *f k l3w4ggr(*ii?

  Which of the following carries oxygenated blood from77fna(e+cy ( e cust.i the lungs to the heart?

  The cohesive and adhesive properties of water allow xylem vessels to transportucpzme,(6y4iv)/vs kr (dqv+ wateci qvzsve,+r dv() p4mu/k(6y r inside plants.
Which of the following are correct descriptions of how these properties are related to water transport in plants?

  Which structures does sucrose pass through durin5lsolk:e,jah -v) tme 4fp9e.g phloem loading?
I. Plasmodesmata
II. Proton pumps
III. Co-transporter proteins

  In an investigation into the effects of artery o.lbzfz:*bo4 o t/utf+ cclusion on blood pressure, students set up a simple experiment. A rigid, hard, plastic tube, representing an artery, was fixed to an electric water pump, and the end was sealed with a rubber stopper. A single hole was drilled into the plastic tube and the electric pump was turned on. Students measured b :bo+4f/lzto.*z uftthe distance the water stream travelled.


In subsequent trials, students added increasing numbers of equally sized and shaped clay-like masses to the inside of the plastic tube and the distance the water stream travelled was measured again.


Results are shown below.

1.1.Identify the independent variable in this experiment.

1.2.State two control variables, not mentioned in the question, that must be kept constant in order to achieve valid results.

2.1.Outline the relationship between the number of clay-like masses and the distance travelled by the water stream.

2.2.Explain how the results of this experiment can be used to understand artery occlusion.

3.Based on the results, predict the distance travelled by the water stream if there were no clay-like masses present.
Distance travelled by water for 0 clay masses=  cm
4.1.Using your knowledge of coronary heart disease, suggest a reason for the anomalous result seen when 5 clay-like masses were present.

4.2.State a risk factor associated with coronary heart disease.

5.Identify a limitation of using the plastic tube to represent an artery in this experiment.

The diagram below represents the circulgi, 7ushh 46lj7v+u pe pj9zg;atory system of a fish.


1.Distinguish between a double circulatory system and a single circulatory system.

2.Describe the advantages of a double circulatory system in humans.

The diagram below shows the structure of a heart*h w0wjqy.ys 5.

1.With the use of labels, identify the following in the diagram above.
right atrium
left ventricle
atrioventricular valves
semilunar valves

2.1.Identify the location of the sinoatrial node.

2.2.Describe the function of the sinoatrial node.

2..Describe how the heart responds to messages from the brain.

  The microphotograph below is an electron micrograph of a cross-section vq ,kso4a;(cz ypdng:b -)+jpof a stem of the monocot Zea mays.v ) qynpk-d pso a;+(:gcz,b4j

Which letter identifies phloem?

  The diagram below shows teyx8oq05y9qn*33q8cshl4 8e lxrqqxhe structure of the human heart.


Which of the following statement(s) is/are true?

I. When the walls of the atria contract, blood flows from the atria to the ventricles because the atrioventricular valves are open
II. When the walls of the ventricles contract, the increase in pressure causes the atrioventricular valves to close which prevents the backflow of blood from the ventricles to the atria.
III. When the ventricles stop contracting, the pressure falls and the semilunar valves close preventing backflow from the arteries to the ventricles.

  The image below is an electron micl6a+gs h/ltdol1wb u4 rv4.4er-6lme rograph of the stem of the monocot Zea Mays.

What function is performed by the structure labelled X?

  What effect does the evaporation of water in leaves havg-w .a d.haw(g-fjk8 )qxiq(ue on other parts of a plantwa-ji ((xh gk.ad-.)wgfuq 8q?

  What is the position of t:emv: n ,2*un j1x0zqs )tjihjhe atrioventricular and semilunar valves at the point in the cardiac cycle at which the pressure in the left2 jt) h01 njn*ej :q,vsmxuiz: ventricle is the greatest?

  The diagram shows sucrose being passively loaded into the sieve tube unaided,7ijkp3btg3 pqbh mg4 1-9 +gib befb gqjk4 3i3i1g p+bt-79 mghpbore being transported around the plant.

Which structure is labelled X?

The micrograph below shows the xylem vessels in a develooof8:(nmx4 hfping shoot taken at 400× mago4fx8:moh ( fnnification.

1.Draw and label the structure of a primary xylem vessel in a developing shoot using the micrograph above.

2.Describe the features of xylem vessels which enable them to withstand changes in pressure.

3.Explain why the active uptake of mineral ions in roots leads to the absorption of water.

  What is the main factor that causes the pressure inside xylem vessels toy n1tkkn (.dn) be lower than atmosdn nk)t1n.(k ypheric pressure?

  How are most mineral ions in the soil absorbed by rootsnx*sz+a1;f e5m8l 67 lnss yesgl9 z9p?

1.Outline the risk factors and consequences associated with plaqy d:-.1t a gq6vesaw)uue buildup in the coronary arteries. 6aq s) wau :y-gv1.etd

2.Outline how the pressure changes in the left atrium and left ventricle affect the surrounding valves and blood flow.

3.Explain how the structural features of the arteries, veins and capillaries are adapted to support their functions.

  Which of the following is likely t74k47a ka xubwo have the highest lignin content?

  The graph shows the results of an experiment which used radioactively labe(euf+q cc nvl2)v4fijev n9(0lled carbon dioxide (fcv u qn)(+le9vjnv(24cef 0 i14$CO_2$ ) to investigate the time taken for sap to travel to different colonies of aphids present on a plant.

Which conclusion could be supported by these results?

1.Compare and contrast the phloem found u;r v 20ot-hiu053nuett3 5fdrl-wlvin the stem and the root of a plant.

2.Outline the mechanisms by which sucrose is loaded into sieve tubes.

3.Explain the changes in hydrostatic pressure within the phloem that facilitate the transport of phloem sap from sources to sinks.

  Which row best represents the solute concentml 1y:hl (bi t6f+sl3nration and hydrostatic pressure within the sieve tub ybl+t6nm(h3 1 fsll:ies near the leaves and roots?

  The image below represents the changes in pressure in the left atrium, l atsc y-q:ljzh+xk*2 vph8s7.eft ventricle pss - a :z28yhlt qv+hjcx.7k*and the aorta.

At point II in the diagram, which of the following is likely to take place?

  Which row in the table correctly identifies features of sieve tube 9 k0 til+f:q ettkw6a7elements?

  This image shows an aphid with its stylet insert w ptyhj)2xwh37*kq y6bt+h.vv)o9i ped into a plant. Aphids have been used to sj y3ipyh29pvtk x* .)+vwoth6) wh7qbtudy transport in plants.

1.Name the tissue that aphids insert their stylets into.
This tissue is   .
2.Outline how scientists use aphids to study the substance transported in this tissue.

3.Explain the differences in the contents and rate of flow of phloem sap at sources and sinks.