Why is the depth of field greater, and the image sharper, whehp) ob5e)drb. n a camera lens is “stopped down” to a larger f-number? peo)r5. bd)hb Ignore diffraction.

Describe how diffraction affectbmm.8ecr,zt)1gz yd5) ;uj ,igjhbu)s the statement that the depth of field is greater and the image sharper when a cam) hbt, me1),jm.ubd 5zg;gy izucr)8jera lens is “stopped down” to a larger f-number.

Why must a camera lens be mokw2+27cc4h 2 c dxpzznved farther from the film to focus on a closer objecc7 4wkzdc z222cp +nxht?

Why are bifocals needed mainly bn*,4 dc/ux+ ol4hspmqy older persons and not generally by younger peox,d*44 psmh l /qno+cuple?

  Will a nearsighted person who wears corrective lenses in her sv(wl2d0bev a6i bg.+ glasses be able to see clearly underwater when wearinb l+6bdw.eg (vai2 v0sg those glasses?  ----待选择----yesno Use a diagram to show why or why not.

You can tell whether a person is nearsighted or farsighted zpib9 n p. it)lbb*4c8by looking at the width of the face through their glasses. If the person’s face appears narrower through the glasses (Fig. Below), is the person farsighted or neabbnb. t)iz *p48l9pcirsighted?

In attempting to discern distant details, peg qkdcydlgd6k6 -- 93cople will sometimes squint. Why does thd-k g 93cq6g6lyd d-kcis help?

Is the image formed on the retina of the hu9qluh)baijr .n4f l-;man eye upright or inverted? Discuss the implicationsqu)li;4 -lbhfjn.ar9 of this for our perception of objects.

The human eye is much like a camera — ye*cg2 zayh0o6 ynt5* umbi)bp xd0i 50wt, when a camera shutter is left open and the camera is moved, the image will be blurred; but when you move your head with your eyes open, 05h2b5yutw*c)y i0zmoax6bi0pgd *nyou still see clearly. Explain.

  Reading glasses use converging lenses. A simple magnifier is also a converg0,,o b6ob;dc vfuni/ying lens. Are readin6 / ,0ui,vfbbono; cydg glasses therefore magnifiers? ----待选择----yesno  Discuss the similarities and differences between converging lenses as used for these two different purposes.

Inexpensive microscopes for children’s u kb989pd- baq 6x.kgtuse usually produce images that are colored atkx6 -uk9abp q.9g 8tdb the edges. Why?

Spherical aberration in a thin lens is minimized if rays are bent equalcww *xtfm;-ph 8:a(l4 x5aapy .fh )aily by the two surfaces. If a planoconvex lens is used to form a real image of an object at infinity, which surfh- p t*if:45axpxl8wf; w.amch a ya)(ace should face the object? Use ray diagrams to show why.

Which aberrations present in a simple lens are notzt)ft 8ue07fijj,2s a present (or are greatly reduced) in the j uzea0fs7 tf)2,it j8human eye?

Explain why chromatic aberration occurs for thin le g5qxle .bram4*(9 oiwnses but not for mirrors.

  By what factor can you improve resolutions u1/-+aovtat uvp,r8, other things being equal, if you use blue light ( t ,oauvsa8/- vut+1pr$\lambda=450mm$) rather than red (700 $nm$)?  

Give at least two advantages fo1wl tw.*5m;7cr inrhhr the use of large reflecting mirrors in astronomical telesrt .rilw m51*hn7;whccopes.

Which color of visible li4pra+lpeq r4/ght would give the best resolution in a microscope? Explain.p4l reqrp a/+4

  Atoms have diameters o:dro 1-ti ,ds h57fdjbf about $10^{-8}\,$cm$. Can visible light be used to “see” an atom? ----待选择----yesno  Explain.

  A 55-mm-focal-length lens has8rm a/ q(kq/ c: aah5rz+ftv2j f-stops ranging from $f/1.4$ to $f/22$. What is the corresponding range of lens diaphragm diameters?    $\mathrm{mm}\leq D\leq$    $\mathrm{mm}$

  A television camera lens imp9:h(-c:q 2p fdhvi has a 14-$cm$ focal length and a lens diameter of 6.0 $cm$. What is its $f$-number? $f$/  

  A light meter reports that a camera setting of 1qz:ofcp6 l3jv .t;8 y8ho0fd*bmgfk $\frac{1}{250}\,s$ at $f/5.6$ will give a correct exposure. But the photographer wishes to use $f/11$ to increase the depth of field. What should the shutter speed be?$t_2$ = 1/   s

  A properly exposed photograph is t7jo4l ojj0. heaken at $f/16$ and $\frac{1}{60}\,s$ What lens opening would be required if the shutter speed were $\frac{1}{1000}\,s$? $f$/  

  If an $f$ = 135-mm telephoto lens is designed to cover object distances from 1.2 m to $\infty $, over what distance must the lens move relative to the plane of the film?    mm

  A 200-mm-focal-length lens can be adjusted so that it is 200.0 mm to 206.0 mm fr8l4/ 2aexez utom the fil luax4/et ze82m. For what range of object distances can it be adjusted?    $\mathrm{m}\leq d_{\circ}\leq\infty$

  A nature photographer wishes to photograph a 2 8ccj*, p qkbss 2vikko;98tz28-mtall tree from a distance of 58 m. What focal-length lens should be used if the image is to fill the 24-mm height of the fi 98*c 2q2i,ks zkbtsv;kjpo 8clm?    mm

A “pinhole” camera uses a tiny pinhole instead of a d a, ot;xw2va9ml do79nu1if8 lens. Show, using ray diagrams, how reasonably sharp images can be formed using such a pinhole camera. In particular, con tdn;89 w,lix fvu1oaom792ad sider two point objects 2.0 $cm$ apart that are 1.0 m from a 1.0-mm-diameter pinhole. Show that on a piece of film 7.0 $cm$ behind the pinhole the two objects produce two separate circles that do not overlap.

  Suppose that a correct ex.jm0h1ix)jg( m jsuy3 posure is $\frac{1}{250}\,s$ at $f/11$ Under the same conditions, what exposure time would be needed for a pinhole camera (Problem 8) if the pinhole diameter is 1.0 mm and the film is 7.0 $cm$ from the hole? $t_2$ = 1/   s

  A human eyeball is abozv osu13vn8enp5r uefe u,jm,;6w :- hut 2.0 $cm$ long, and the pupil has a maximum diameter of about 8.0 mm. What is the “speed” of this lens? $ f-stop$ = f/  

  If the nearsighted person in Example 25–6 dr3co)w+ .cvdwore contact lenses corrected for the fa.+crwd v3)codr point $(=\,\infty)$ show that the near point would be 41 $cm$. (Would glasses be better in this case?) glasses would be  ----待选择----betterworse 

  Reading glasses of what power are n(x6kfbh9 6 mpueeded for a person whose near point is 115 $cm$, so that he can read a computer screen at 55 $cm$? Assume a lens–eye distance of 1.8 $cm$.+    D

  A person has a far point of 14 +4yjjyyt:/w0zyoi cb87)ivw$cm$. What power glasses would correct this vision if the glasses were placed 2.0 $cm$ from the eye?    What power contact lenses, placed on the eye, would the person need?   

  A person struggles to read by holding )qt8;sd rdy 0pa book at arm’s length, a distance of 45 $cm$ away (= near point). What power of reading glasses should be prescribed for him, assuming they will be placed 2.0 $cm$ from the eye and he wants to read at the normal near point of 25 $cm$? +    D

  A person’s left eye is correctef w43hm5n2nwpd by a $-3.50-diopter$ lens, 2.0 $cm$ from the eye.
(a) Is this person’s left eye near- or farsighted?  ----待选择----nearsightedfarsighted 
(b) What is this eye’s far point without glasses?    cm

  A person’s right eye can see objects clearly only if they are b,-;ld e.mv ytk:d1:g o vr6nhhetween 25 $cm$ and 75 $cm$ away.
(a) What power of contact lens is required so that objects far away are sharp? -    D
(b) What will be the near point with the lens in place?    cm

  About how much longelliq9/u g rv5/ kxaj1-r is the nearsighted eye in Example 25–6 than the 2.0 $cm$ of a normal eye?    cm

  One lens of a nearsighted person’s eyeglasses has a fohin) 6 .cgqdn1cal length of $-22.0 \, cm$ and the lens is 1.8 $cm$ from the eye. If the person switches to contact lenses that are placed directly on the eye, what should be the focal length of the corresponding contact lens?    cm

  What is the focal length of the eye–lens system when viewing an object + ac i*2cd*3ztz.ldyj8v rxa(
(a) at infinity,    cm
(b) 33 $cm$ from the eye? Assume that the lens–retina distance is 2.0 $cm$.   cm

  A nearsighted person has nearyufb21f0zfrb(b,l lyk3dj5 - and far points of 10.0 and 20.0 $cm$, respectively. If she puts on contact lenses with power $P\,=\,-4.00D$, what are her new near and far points?
near point    cm
far point    cm

  What is the magnification o 0ut,vq:oi yy,f a lens used with a relaxed eye if its focal length is 12 qov yu:,t0,yi $cm$? =    $\times$

  What is the focal ley;(2 0h;xpt i (cc3gfufl*yuyngth of a magnifying glass of $3.5\times$ magnification for a relaxed normal eye?    cm

  A magnifier is rated+m fu: (0x5vzy/gfad sz2l5dz.1abd c at $2.5\times$for a normal eye focusing on an image at the near point.
(a) What is its focal length?    cm
(b) What is its focal length if the $2.5\times$ refers to a relaxed eye?    cm

  Sherlock Holmes is using agmr7na/kis, ahm7v/9u)vp* yv/ rs( fr+ v8lf 9.00-$cm$-focal-length lens as his magnifying glass. To obtain maximum magnification, where must the object be placed (assume a normal eye), and what will be the magnification?
$d_o$ =    cm from the lens
M =    $\times$

  A 3.30-mm-wide beetleq ad1 4c)i4vyx o.ibtyk-x+* q is viewed with a 9.50-$cm$-focal-length lens. A normal eye views the image at its near point. Calculate
(a) the angular magnification, =    $\times$
(b) the width of the image,    mm
(c) the object distance from the lens.    cm from the lens

  A small insect is placed e8vh;j.tkyp 6+icg;dto5 e/n5.55 $cm$ from a $+6.00-$cm$-focal-length$ lens. Calculate
(a) the position of the image,    cm
(b) the angular magnification. =    $\times$

  A magnifying glass with w e*a( kj/q2cwa focal length of 8.5 $cm$ is used to read print placed at a distance of 7.5 $cm$. Calculate
(a) the position of the image;    cm
(b) the angular magnification. =    $\times$

  A magnifying glass is rated 90uj6n7ea pfqat $3.0\times$ for a normal eye that is relaxed. What would be the magnification of this lens for a relaxed eye whose near point is
(a) 55 $cm$, =    $\times$
(b) 16 $cm$? Explain the differences. =    $\times$

  What is the magnification of an as (sok o /zv(qiiru1dw6i) j+(ir(vy:c tronomical telescope whose objective lens has a focal w:oz(s(jv ii+rvi (ui (ykdr)6c1q/ olength of 76 $cm$ and whose eyepiece has a focal length of 2.8 $cm$? What is the overall length of the telescope when adjusted for a relaxed eye?
M =    $\times$
L =    $\times$

  The overall magnification of an 3rmh -lb;; zh b+0flglastronomical telescope is desired to be 25$\times$. If an objective of 78$-cm$ focal length is used,
what must be the focal length of the eyepiece? $f_e$ =    cm
What is the overall length of the telescope when adjusted for use by the relaxed eye? L =    cm

  An 8.0$\times$ binocular has 2.8$-$cm$-focal-length$ eyepieces. What is the focal length of the objective lenses?    cm

  An astronomical telescope has an objective with focal lengt. t8sunr/bl t cpxpvxg6l+/65 h 85 $cm$ and a $+35-D$ eyepiece. What is the total magnification? =    $\times$

  An astronomical telescope has its two lenses/2(n-p z vbvp*wy 7hyo atg/dkmen-.3 spaced 75.2 $cm$ apart. If the objective lens has a focal length of 74.5 $cm$, what is the magnification of this telescope? Assume a relaxed eye. =    $\times$

  A Galilean telescope adjusted for a relaxed eye is jdd o,,steq8:l1j nq *32.8 $cm$ long. If the objective lens has a focal length of 36.0 $cm$, what is the magnification? =    $\times$

  What is the magnifying power of an astronomical telescoe,bd:el x 40tepe using a reflecting mirror whose radiusete4ld:,0 e bx of curvature is 6.0 $m$ and an eyepiece whose focal length is 3.2 $cm$? =    $\times$

  The Moon’s image appe yh.qs+ )k0jors 9hn6aars to be magnified 120$\times$ by a reflecting astronomical telescope with an eyepiece having a focal length of 3.2 $cm$. What are the focal length and radius of curvature of the main (objective) mirror? M =    m r =    m

  A 170$\times$ astronomical telescope is adjusted for a relaxed eye when the two lenses are 1.25 m apart. What is the focal length of each lens?
$f_e$ =    mm
$f_o$ =    m

  A reflecting telescope (Fig. Below) has a radius of cumu om,ke84xa5 3shs bhl9 3d9crvature of 3.0 m for its objective4sax ,m c93h9d mbe8s5uolkh3 mirror and a radius of curvature of $-1.50m$ for its eyepiece mirror. If the distance between the two mirrors is 0.90 m, how far in front of the eyepiece should you place the photographic film to record the image of a star? $d_{2i}$ =    m

  A microscope uses an eyepiece with a focal length of 1.408q gerf/3 ;hlo $cm$. Using a normal eye with a final image at infinity, the tube length is 17.5 $cm$ and the focal length of the objective lens is 0.65 $cm$. What is the magnification of the microscope? =    $\times$

  A 620 $\times$ microscope uses a 0.40-$cm$-focal-length objective lens. If the tube length is 17.5 $cm$, what is the focal length of the eyepiece? Assume a normal eye and that the final image is at infinity. $f_e$ =    cm

  A 17-$cm$-long microscope has an eyepiece with a focal length of 2.5 $cm$ and an objective with a focal length of 0.28 $cm$. What is the approximate magnification?    $times$

  A microscope has a 12.t -1p:*ny;gzmt j+*kr dly )ra0$times$ eyepiece and a 59.0$times$ objective lens 20.0 $cm$ apart. Calculate
(a) the total magnification,    $times$
(b) the focal length of each lens, $f_e$ =    cm $f_o$ =    cm
(c) where the object must be for a normal relaxed eye to see it in focus. $d_o$ =    cm

  A microscope has a 1,ge oye7-+hhw .8-$cm$-focal-length eyepiece and a 0.80-$cm$ objective lens. Assuming a relaxed normal eye, calculate
(a) the position of the object if the distance between the lenses is 16.0 $cm$, $d_{oo}$ =    cm
(b) the total magnification.    $times$

  Repeat Problem 61 assuming that the finali 5-0 h 9f8c0 ea5iamlbq0g;-yc haqbk image is located 25 $cm$ from the eyepiece (near point of a normal eye). $d_{oo}$ =    cm   $times$

  The eyepiece of a compound microscope has a ha7 x fpb:g+ agxrt+.7aiw( lfs9: j,vfocal length of 2.70 $cm$, and the objective lens has $f=0.740\mathrm{~cm}$. If an object is placed 0.790 $cm$ from the objective lens, calculate
(a) the distance between the lenses when the microscope is adjusted for a relaxed eye, $l$ =    cm
(b) the total magnification.    $\times$

  An achromatic lens is made of two very thin lenses, placed in contact, vnufr e:o)/*o that have focal lengths ofor *:uf/ oevn) $f_1=-28\mathrm{~cm}$ and $f_2=+23\mathrm{~$cm$}.$
(a) Is the combination converging or diverging?  ----待选择----convergingdiverging 
(b) What is the net focal length?    m

  Let’s examine spherical aben(ez,1anorsb bo)4fl8k.v ) yrration in a particular situation. A planoconvex lens of index of re)v nk( .yr1fn e)b 4al,z8boosfraction 1.50 and radius of curvature $R=12.0\mathrm{~$cm$}$ is shown in (Fig. Below). Consider an incoming ray parallel to the principal axis and a height h above it as shown. Determine the distance d, from the flat face of the lens, to where this ray crosses the principal axis if
(a) $h=1.0\mathrm{~$cm$},$ $d_1$ =    cm
(b) $h=6.0\mathrm{~$cm$},$ $d_2$ =    cm
(c) How far apart are these “focal points”? $\Delta d$ =    cm
(d) What is the radius of the “circle of least confusion” produced by the $h=6.0-\mathrm{~$cm$},$ ray at the “focal point” for $h=1.0\mathrm{~$cm$},$? r =    cm

  What is the angular resolution limit (degrees) set by diffractilq,qu 3f u6ha0byg, f,on for the 100-in. (25u gfu,h yb6,q3 aql,0f4-$cm$ mirror diameter) Mt. Wilson telescope ($\lambda=550\mathrm{~nm}$)?   $ \times10^{ -5}\;^{\circ}$

  Suppose that you wish to construct a telescope that can resolve features 7.0 .txspbm92f5zerj d71 $km$ across on the Moon, 384,000 $km$ away. You have a 2.0-$m$-focal-length objective lens whose diameter is 11.0 $cm$.
What focal-length eyepiece is needed if your eye can resolve objects 0.10 $mm$ apart at a distance of 25 $cm$? $f_e$ =    cm
What is the resolution limit (radians) set by the size of the objective lens (that is, by diffraction)?
Use $\lambda=550\mathrm{~nm.}$ $\theta$   $ \times10^{ -6}\;rad$

  The normal lens on a 35-mm cam3hahosoy9 to/grit. d cvf;1 ai-r 7+7era has a focal length of 50.0 $mm$. Its aperture diameter varies from a maximum of 25 $mm$ $(f/2)$ to a minimum of 3.0 mm $(f/16)$. Determine the resolution limit set by diffraction for $f/2$ and $f/16$. Specify as the number of lines per millimeter resolved on the film. Take $\lambda=550\mathrm{~nm.}$
For $\frac{f}{2}$ we have $\frac{1}{RP_2}$ =    lines/mm
For $\frac{f}{16}$ we have $\frac{1}{RP_2}$ =    lines/mm

  Two stars 15 light-years away are barely resolvedpmxgg*qztv,/o9x u 0 ( by a 55-$cm$ (mirror diameter) telescope. How far apart are the stars? Assume $\lambda=550\mathrm{~nm.}$ and that the resolution is limited by diffraction.   $ \times10^{11 }\;m$

  (a) How far away can a human eye disting3.b 53ubxptt0nm *bv /sk7qjhuish two car headlights 2.0 $m$ apart? Consider only diffraction effects and assume an eye pupil diameter of 5.0 $mm$ and a wavelength of 550 $nm$.
L =    km
(b) What is the minimum angular separation an eye could resolve when viewing two stars, considering only diffraction effects? In reality, it is about of arc. Why is it not equal to your answer in (b)? $\theta$ =    $\times 10^{-3}$ $^{\circ}$

  The Earth and Moon are s niziie5-rq l)w,n pg ddu-e12eot(,:ws74xy eparated by about $400\times10^6\mathrm{~m.}$ When Mars is $8\times10^{10}\mathrm{~m}$ from Earth, could a person standing on Mars resolve the Earth and its Moon as two separate objects without a telescope? Assume a pupil diameter of 5 $mm$ and $\lambda=550\mathrm{~nm}.$  ----待选择----yesno 

  X-rays of wavelength 0.133 nm fall on a crystal whose atoms, lying in planes8qo,i14*b6 gm n(wptwjuw/xt, ar/*m,gw8 4 pu(xtqowbinj wt 61e spaced 0.280 $nm$ apart. At what angle \phi (relative to the surface, Fig. Below) must the X-rays be directed if the first diffraction maximum is to be observed? $\phi $ =    $^{\circ}\,$

  X-rays of wavelength 0.0973 nm k faf/jzc3j v7/z6cph6 2jzf1are directed at an unknown crystal. The second diffraction maximum is recorded when the X-rays are directed atf2hzcz /ckfp6f6 jzj3 j7v/1a an angle of $\mathrm{23.4°}$ relative to the crystal surface. What is the spacing between crystal planes? d =    nm

  First-order Bragg diffractionw aza:h 1k pu/3g+ih,u is observed at $\mathrm{25.2°}$ related to the crystal surface, with spacing between atoms of 0.24 $nm$.
(a) At what angle will second order be observed? $\phi_2 $=    $^{\circ}\,$
(b) What is the wavelength of the X-rays? $\lambda $ =    nm

  (a) Suppose for a conventional X-ray image that the X-ray beam consists of parl5py1c(8h5zh )8l z)hvraogaallel rays. What would be the magnification of the image? a the mah5l5c1 h rlvaayh8zz(gp )o)8 gnification is   
(b) Suppose, instead, the X-rays come from a point source (as in Fig. Below) that is 15 $cm$ in front of a human body 25 $cm$ thick, and the film is pressed against the person’s back. Determine and discuss the range of magnifications that results. $m_1$ =    the magnification is  

  Sam purchases $+3.50-diopter$ eyeglasses which correct his faulty vision to put his near point at 25 $cm$. (Assume he wears the lenses 2.0 $cm$ from his eyes.)
(a) Calculate the focal length of Sam’s glasses.    cm
(b) Calculate Sam’s near point without glasses. his near point is    cm
(c) Pam, who has normal eyes with near point at 25 $cm$, puts on Sam’s glasses. Calculate Pam’s near point with Sam’s glasses on.    cm from her eyes

  As early morning passed tetm9q(z , lm2,bf yn;goward midday, and the sunlight got more intense, a photographer noted that, if she kept her eyzn,(q gb 2m 9ftm,l;shutter speed constant, she had to change the $f$-number from $f/5.6$ to $f/22$. By what factor had the sunlight intensity increased during that time? $I_2$ =    $I_1$

Show that for objects very far away (assume infinity), the magnification of al2jfr utq8c0+ camera lens is proportional to its fo8+r2 lfjt0uc qcal length.

  For a camera equipped wita2wyxa1y(;zjn2 5 y f+fuwe) gh a 50-$mm$-focal-length lens, what is the object distance if the image height equals the object height? How far is the object from the film?
$d_o$ =    mm
d =    mm

  A woman can see clearly with her right eye only whemsshyyh17m 8j+ b m4d ;8 ;,igg dn6kuh,/kmlwn objects are between 45 $cm$ and 155 $cm$ away. Prescription bifocals should have what powers so that she can see distant objects clearly (upper part) and be able to read a book 25 $cm$ away (lower part) with her right eye? Assume that the glasses will be 2.0 $cm$ from the eye.
$P_1$ =    D(upper part)
$P_2$ =    D(lower part)

  A child has a near point of 15i93l ikf4y w5y $cm$. What is the maximum magnification the child can obtain using an 8.0-$cm$-focal-length magnifier? What magnification can a normal eye obtain with the same lens? Which person sees more detail?
$M_1$ =    $\times$
$M_2$ =    $\times$

  What is the magnifying powp,w ,j2h+rl; lj rhre z)5k)bper of a $+4.0-D$ lens used as a magnifier? Assume a relaxed normal eye. $M$ =    $\times$

  A physicist lost in the mountains8k*q ke8yy1 zxv 4:qmz tries to make a telescope using the lenses from his readeyzq1mzq*:v k4 8y8 kxing glasses. They have powers of $+2.0-D$ and $+4.0-D$, respectively.
(a) What maximum magnification telescope is possible? $M$ =    $\times$
(b) Which lens should be used as the eyepiece?    D

  A 50-year-old man use a9nz5xfzm a .ats6zst*b:91sw9tfa -s $+2.5-diopter$ lenses to read a newspaper 25 $cm$ away. Ten years later, he must hold the paper 35 $cm$ away to see clearly with the same lenses. What power lenses does he need now in order to hold the paper 25 $cm$ away? (Distances are measured from the lens.) $P_2$ = +    D

  Spy planes fly at extremely high algai+-td n *q03 9mlksrtitudes (25 $km$) to avoid interception. Their cameras are reportedly able to discern features as small as 5 $cm$. What must be the minimum aperture of the camera lens to afford this resolution? (Use $\lambda=550\mathrm{~nm}.$)D =    cm

When shooting picturesreq9a b;p+0f g at very short distances, exposure times must be increased be+fabp qe0g r;9cause of the increased distance of the lens from the film for a focused image.
(a) Show that when the object is so close to the camera that the image height equals the object height, the exposure time must be four times longer (or 2 f-stops) than when the object is a long distance away (say, $$\infty), given the same illumination and f-stop.
(b) Show that if $d_o$ is at least four or five times the focal length f of the lens, the exposure time is increased by less than half an f-stop relative to the same object being a great distance away.

  The objective lens and the eyepiece of a telescope pb ebh2 ckvy:;j.km slz9g296are spaced 85 $cm$ apart. If the eyepiece is $+23$ diopters, what is the total magnification of the telescope? $M$ =    $\times$

  The Hubble Space Telescope, wp4az9u :co sj,ith an objective diameter of 2.4 m, is viewing the Moon. Estimate the minimum distance between two objectspuz 9,jo s:4ac on the Moon that the Hubble can distinguish. Consider diffraction of light of wavelength 550 nm. Assume the Hubble is near the Earth.    m

  Two converging lenses, one with z 3ag6lqymz mj(k06v2$f=4.0\mathrm{~cm}$ and the other with $f=44\mathrm{~cm}$ are made into a telescope.
(a) What are the length and magnification? Which lens should be the eyepiece?
The distance between the two lenses is   cm
M =    $\times $
f =    cm
(b) Assume these lenses are now combined to make a microscope; if the magnification needs to be $25\times,$ how long would the microscope be?    cm

  An astronomical telescope has a magnificationq.;rmqrd+2ztm 9h )qs of 8.0. If the two lenses are 28 $cm$ apart, determine the focal length of each lens.
The focal length of the eyepiece lens is    cm
The focal length of the objective lens is    cm

  You want to design ae9 xxijo9 pwxd yh:b5xs 59.,f spy satellite to photograph license plate numbers. Assuming it is necessary to 9 ,ow.jiehf9 y:xp95xx5 sbx dresolve points separated by 5 $cm$ with 550-$nm$ light, and that the satellite orbits at a height of 130 $km$, what minimum lens aperture (diameter) is required? D =    m

  A Lucite planoconvex lens (Fig. Below) hjlp g 5u/5i5or6)xqkqas one flat surface and the other has $R=18.4\mathrm{~cm}.$ This lens is used to view an object, located 66.0 $cm$ away from the lens, which is a mixture of red and yellow. The index of refraction of the glass is 1.5106 for red light and 1.5226 for yellow light. What are the locations of the red and yellow images formed by the lens? $d_{i\,red}$ =    cm
$d_{i\,orange}$ =    cm