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习题练习：Physics Unit15: Laws of Thermodynamics
本习题练习试卷来源于无忧得胜-网上国际课程 (https://5edu.win)， 为试卷打印版，您也可以在网站平台(https://5edu.win/)直接 访问本试卷的在线电子版并查看正确答案与解析，搜藏保存任意题目到收藏集。 访问方法: 平台首页左上角"通过试卷号快速访问"输入试卷号 73，并点击直达试卷；或浏览器地址栏内直接输入本试卷链接 https://5edu.win/test73.html  教师使用本平台可以抽题组卷或一键复制他人试卷，布置为在线考试或在线作业，全自动判分成绩一键排序导出，省时省力。
 作者: admin    总分: 71分  得分: _____________

答题人: 游客未登录  开始时间: 22年08月15日 12:53  切换到: 整卷模式

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1#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the T-V graph i bi;7,pekb al(f+hh0fqpde5 8s an


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2#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isothermal process, j: p;f hn pdcc;v-7gk:there is no change in

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3#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermodys6d0 ;l2ez9ttkiu .zjo+m0l ynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isothermal process,

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4#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is expanded to twice its original volume with no change in its temperatur:4(hl o 9d uybpcr10ere. This pou1 0ceyl (hr9dp4: brrocess is

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5#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is compressed isothermally from 30 L to 20 L. During this procjpe(0/9 ezh xgess, 6.0 J of energy isepz(hx e90j/g expended by the external mechanism that compressed the gas. What is the change of internal energy for this gas?

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6#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is compressed to one-half its origifpux8e+k 8k f;n-j ch33igjv: nal volume during an isothermal process. 8nc:ejjk3+xuf 8hki3v g-;fpThe final pressure of the gas

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7#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is expanded isothermally from 20 L th:) izk.tw.6kkkz.szse+ e t.mfcsq5e z ,m3 )o 30 L. During this process, 6 J of energy is expended emqc z.e)hs3:z.zt kk ikz+es w.,)m.56fkt sby the external mechanism that expanded the gas. Which of the following statements is correct?

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8#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is quickly compriy( b6;lo sbyn )k:qj-essed in an isolated environment. During the event, the gas exchanged no heat with its surroundin;) s( -qikb:onjy6y lbgs. This process is

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9#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermodynamicsqi ,p-t tja/2u, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an adiabatic process,

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10#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A monatomic ideal gas is compressed to one-half its original volume durinoe,ua; ,qadv5 g an adiabatic process. The finalu,o davqe, ;a5 pressure of the gas

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11#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all respects except that one con xh2nqnt).ao35mh 733nppyf vtains .ytm75hhfx q) vn pann3332po$O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater temperature increase?

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12#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider two cylinders of gas ibuo rhz)y :c,.dentical in all respects except that one contains.hzr:o,y uc) b $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater pressure increase?

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13#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the PV diagram is ae .4dj:*t qk 0gt)vjtzn


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14#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isobaric process,n,x jqjx 1kb*x8p*tr , there is no change in

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15#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermodynamics,d*djx k:2 fa9osztd86 $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isobaric process,

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16#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is allowed to expandk15bb3aio + e+ 7o4 ,nydy 6jo8hew:kxms8bc n at constant pressure as heat is added to it. This process is7e15njb3+moe + d 8b8wo6kiyna x: s,4chokyb

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17#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Ten joules of heat energy are transfee x4 nj1tn/(gcyjr+ 2crred to a sample of ideal gas at constant pressure. As a result, the internal (xj1ejytcc42 rg/n n+energy of the gas

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18#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the r qw hh*p/ aes.o,-dr3PV diagram is


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19#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, there is no cha . b;+p-shtfhdnge in

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20#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermodyf:o3cp1(p3cetabdkwv4 pj, a9 :(8ve2kfv b gnamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isochoric process,

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21#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is confined to a rigid container that cannot expand as8uah,b w*h4 0nmywjn3 heat energy is added to it. This processja nh8 4u0m3*hywb wn, is

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22#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to a sample of id6y;35vek)lr o ie3d uq4om2y geal gas at constant volume. As a result, the internal energy oo2;3qo)e 34g lk6r5yvy iue dmf the gas

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23#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State the first law of x7q+qp3vqw v;. )rq- po 3pbrbthermodynamics.
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24#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Is it possible to transfer heat from a hot reservoir to a coldw +fhprb9exvgc9. /d ew5:msxi; c -9b reservoir?

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25#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Is it possible to transfer heat from a cold reservoir tdt2 3hal4r+ guo a hot reservoir?

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26#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State the second law of thermodyna++)j-:cpb sl 6z 1 +pkevoyfjkmics according to Clausius.
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27#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is taken through o.x;7(zfbc 3 /(aqqpijhzp n)the cycle illustrated here. During one cycle, how much work is donc ;.p(7 3x a)qbz(qhfzji/onp e by an engine operating on this cycle?


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28#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The efficiency of a f4vu9:l7(aedc a zq d2heat engine is defined as the ratio of

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29#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  If the theoretical efficiencyt 4 cp31etj21zjy)vvmh hkz2( of a Carnot engine is to be 100%, the heat sink muste1v3zc j2z4 p yk(1v2)jmth ht be

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30#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A Carnot cycle consi0gbfxl q. 5wo7fda ;yr2o;pq 3sts of

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31#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give the Kelvin-Planck statement of the seco4 sdg1wxj1 wpg t(xt8b0tv.5knd law of thermodynamics.
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32#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The coefficient of performance (Cwxdj faxtp5nydnj:n). c:-+z s;:1e mOP) of a refrigerator is defined as the ratio offta n;ecs5p zxd:yn-+wm:j :.n1)xdj

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33#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a heat zej2j0fa0ub6z p4m + bhuo/fg(4fmd 6pump is defined as the ratio of

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34#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When water freezes, th dpt/,hkw6s y;e entropy of the water

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35#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  According to the second law of thermodynamics, for any process thapwh 798pjvge4v,v h0st may occur within an isolated system, which one of 8hj hp4 sgvwv9v7, 0epthe choices applies?

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36#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give a general statement of the second law of thermodynyesh0p+ 1) 0w9 9yw+obxuz;+kocl pwsamics.
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37#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The second law of thermodynamics leads us to conclude:iua8lcuq 3ohe* 5ur5r ;y)yz that

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38#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is removed frz47iy 4pe+4i;aq+ca 1 awnx skom an ideal gas. What is t i74;pkixcyaa4qnz1 +s e w+4ahe change in internal energy?

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39#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is 3ryz w;h l2tzxdz w)*7removed from an ideal gas. What is the work done in the proce;hrz7z y 32*wt)x lwzdss?

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40#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The work done on an ideal gas systf1p+ec 4;fjeke wf09 nem in an isothermal process is -400 J. What is the change in inter9; 1f+4cewfnepk fj0 enal energy?

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41#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  200 J of work is donrp +-edt)(9e) km+quhkyl nmws .k4w0e in compressing a gas adiabatically. What is the change in inte09mk se pkd(- hl4e mwn.rq)+)wtyuk+rnal energy of the gas?

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42#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas undergoes an adiabatic process while doing 25 J of wor/+/xzmyn7 vark. What is the change in interz7vr +/ yxnam/nal energy?

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43#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, the internakg iwx m93w2frf4xuh:5/b w p6l energy of a system decreases by 50 J. What is the work donxmi9b pg3wf4hr6/25: xkwuw fe?

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44#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of a system decreases by f 4 iic:/vqqy qs1..*)awe vky50 J. What is the heat exch:vvq 4a /q q*y1. kewcsyi)if.ange?

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45#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A certain amount of a monatomic gas is maintained at constant volume as9 )sazapczt s3sfp *4 .8aru)- vsjmy/ it is cooled by 50 K. z uysmtpaac)*.fsa/v s 4p89j z-3rs)This feat is accomplished by removing 400 J of energy from the gas. How much work is done by the gas?

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46#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A monatomic gas is cooled by 50 K at constant volume wh 7 uslt3pa+n:wen 831 J of energy is removed from it. Ho tswl73+ap un:w many moles of gas are in the sample?

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47#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A system consists of ev*yhsbz 7e74ek74 w n3.0 kg of water at $80 ^{\circ}C$. 30 J of work is done on the system by stirring with a paddle wheel, while 66 J of heat is removed. What is the change in internal energy of the system?

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48#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine receives 7000 J of heat and loses 3 bu2fq:spx*pl7 c)qdf lsu9a 3ua;5 x4000 J in each cycle. What is the efficiencyllx;uupq *pusfbq 597 )asadf23: x 4c?

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49#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% and receives 150 J of heat pemwd6b adif* ))r cycle. How much work does i) i6wdafm) *dbt perform in each cycle?

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50#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% and receives 150 ,so i;tl/kr68p)zn.t8qx t /x)e ig tfJ of heat per cycle. How much heat does it exhaust in each c 6kpxio;eqgtf8n ) tx)s8r,t/z.tl i /ycle?

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51#
 
  303

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52#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of hm5/ dp8l+jp 1ef bz 5i4f:ejdgeat each cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate the efficiency of eac b lep:1g/4pdmzejf5di+ 8fj5 h cycle.

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53#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. Cau;k.wi9s go;-bov uv:xnit15lculate the work doneiv-u; w.on xbigo;9 1s: tu5vk each cycle.

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54#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the following cl/ a6j:auqd w7scs l..haracteristics: comb.. 7l:ls uaqwds6 ja/custion chamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the actual efficiency of this engine?

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55#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines built so fpr ii :y0woupg.m)pn/d-:;xk:u:w iyar has the following characteristics: combuski ;pg:yr:/ up 0ipwm)w.nx:yi: u-o dtion chamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the Carnot efficiency of this engine?

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56#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines built m:*zg /qkftl* so far has the following characteristics: combustion chambemlg: f*t*zq/kr temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the power output of this engine?

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57#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric power. T6vakbew +5 mq ioz9+rg(cr* 0ohe plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the overall efficiency of the plant for generating electric power?

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58#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MWlkoba trwg h 3u; 44nblgf/c9j5e1t9/ of electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the Carnot efficiency?

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59#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric power. The b3u;vpzd9dh ; s.9iafyq-u0bplant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. How much thermal energy is exhausted each day?

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60#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the Carnot efficiency of an engine which opp*e z+k 4w3(dcespkslwl,),i1+ j puw erates between $450 ^{\circ}K$ and $310 ^{\circ}K$?

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61#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the maximum theoretical efficiency possible for an engine operating betx * vqh zl+*(eqwq .yr/x1m/esween/eyl.x1h(e qsm+v rxqq*/zw * $100 ^{\circ}C$ and $400 ^{\circ}C$?

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62#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The efficiency of a Carnot engine is 35.0%. What is the temperature of the col6n kf2o 0wn wnshcb1)*d reservoir if the temperature of the hot reservwf hsk1bn)nn wo*2c06oir is $500 ^{\circ}K$?

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63#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine operating between hkgwuj1 t /i41$40 ^{\circ}C$ and $380 ^{\circ}C$ has an efficiency 60% of that of a Carnot engine operating between the same temperatures. If the engine absorbs heat at a rate of 60 kW, at what rate does it exhaust heat?

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64#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing compartment at the rate of 20 kJ l2agg/hy u4 1zand ejects 24 kJ into a room per /a2g4uz gh yl1cycle. How much work is required in each cycle?

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65#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing compartment at the rate:)jl fa rdqeg7,ti 86x of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ i7i, x)djfa8qlg6ret: nto a room per cycle. What is the coefficient of performance?

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66#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During each cycle of operqs du4ebqwnz+ 7iz9 lr(4 ::gqation, a refrigerator absorbs 230 J of heat from the freezer and expels 356 J of heat to the room. How much work input is requziq 9nbu+:7r e 4q(zw4d:s lgqired in each cycle?

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67#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the change in ooo ,v 1h14qutentropy when 50 g of ice melt at $0 ^{\circ}C$?

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68#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When 0.50 kg of ice fre(hi lxhn2 u8e x3nr7h(ezes, the change in entropy is

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69#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  1.0 kg of steam at $100 ^{\circ}C$ condenses to water at $100 ^{\circ}C$. What is the change in entropy in the process?

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70#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A container of ideal gas at STP undergoes an isothermal expansion and its o, i/r(bx5k0 iw*j/g.bx7o k i,qgcementropy changes b i /mkeb*/.c(b,x,gkg ow 7ioqxirj50y
3.7 J/e K. How much work does it do?

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71#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A piece of metal at b: fy0iuq+tzun38qf7 $80 ^{\circ}C$ is placed in 1.2 L of water at $72 ^{\circ}C$. The system is thermally isolated and reaches a final temperature of $75 ^{\circ}C$. Estimate the approximate change in entropy for this process.

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