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习题练习：Physics Unit15: Laws of Thermodynamics
本习题练习试卷来源于无忧得胜-网上国际课程 (https://5edu.win)， 为试卷打印版，您也可以在网站平台(https://5edu.win/)直接 访问本试卷的在线电子版并查看正确答案与解析，搜藏保存任意题目到收藏集。 访问方法: 平台首页左上角"通过试卷号快速访问"输入试卷号 73，并点击直达试卷；或浏览器地址栏内直接输入本试卷链接 https://5edu.win/test73.html  教师使用本平台可以抽题组卷或一键复制他人试卷，布置为在线考试或在线作业，全自动判分成绩一键排序导出，省时省力。
 作者: admin    总分: 71分  得分: _____________

答题人: 游客未登录  开始时间: 22年08月15日 12:53  切换到: 整卷模式

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1#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the T-V graph is x,a,h ty1g)fo-d, ius an


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2#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isothermal proces ieu+3s*c a s,2utazl3s, there is no change in

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3#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermodynamics,h(fb m wboqy/;+ol7k. $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isothermal process,

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4#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is expanded to twice its original volume with no change in its temper v49,hjhk0j veature. This procesk,0ehjvvjh4 9 s is

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5#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is compressed isothermally from 3d us f9a: /z7;lahl ym gd1sm22+doo9q0 L to 20 L. During this process, 6.0 J of energy 2lhlg:7+9 2dsf;aoz sd/mu1y m o9daqis expended by the external mechanism that compressed the gas. What is the change of internal energy for this gas?

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6#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is compressed to one-half its original volume during an iso,5a 6p ufnnoi25.uqh dthermal process. Thepan6 i5h.q5nfd uu o,2 final pressure of the gas

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7#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is expanded isothe4bjrg+u43xpm- cz/x g rbw7c7rmally from 20 L to 30 L. During this process, 6 gm-cwcj/ 4 xrb+ zpb4x77u3gr J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that expanded the gas. Which of the following statements is correct?

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8#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is quickly compressed in an isolated environment. During the *+g7t)l tx1k m,ayowm event, the gas exchanged no +lam 7w o mt1gx),kyt*heat with its surroundings. This process is

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9#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermodynamir:zn3ds,n o1 bg6,i yjcs, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an adiabatic process,

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10#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A monatomic ideal gas is compressed to one/to 7(:s*gvnlv ujb y0-half its original volume during an adiabatic process. The final preng/(svj* y0u b to7lv:ssure of the gas

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11#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider two cylinders o jncs3zps0 0d+f gas identical in all respects except that one contains dscpnz +j0 03s$O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater temperature increase?

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12#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider two cylinders of yw5-q1 zg0rzd/a g v:x6nrvy9gas identical in all respects except that one contains w:/g 9z0ya6n - rr y51vgzvdxq$O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater pressure increase?

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13#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the PV diagram is .evt;5t0mjna an


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14#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isobaric process, there is no chz7eao 6rch-- kange in

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15#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermodynamic0 8yhf2y/xfxs sjq xc 1-oc lz65sq)q0s, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isobaric process,

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16#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is allowed to expand at constant pressure as heat is added to itjn dt3i/xl.lr10qd h- . This process /0xqd.3lndh -jtrl i1is

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17#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Ten joules of heat energdugeud/cp92 /y are transferred to a sample of ideal gas at constant prese9d /pg2d /cuusure. As a result, the internal energy of the gas

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18#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the,yai4i .5vnaz cpdz(; PV diagram is


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19#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, there i9wgu +o8aa* 0m mirq5ps no change in

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20#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of tru 8hhqj 20hnu:ld:fmga(.f 6 hermodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isochoric process,

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21#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is confined to a rigid container that cannot expand as heat ener6+ f)ltd 2 ia:u,twaiggy is added to it. This u liw2fdt iaag6) t,:+process is

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22#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to a samkzw3t i+ n s*08d1wqpiple of ideal gas at constant volume. As a result, the internal energy of the+* z1twikpn3s wi0qd8 gas

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23#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State the first law of thermodynkcmm4/*uw4bgho;1 :vs4h adsamics.
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24#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Is it possible to tranc2/g)7t)nria aga5tgp yx 7b;sfer heat from a hot reservoir to a cold reservoir?

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25#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Is it possible to transfer heat from a cold rb5 eg p;ex+i,peservoir to a hot reservoir?

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26#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State the second law of thermodynamics according to Clausimak,9w8l u5 nj ,.gdrfus.
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27#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is taken through the cycle zy f 13e3a)rwvv quga6c65s d*illustrated here. During one cycle, how much work is done by an engine operarq36 gv)yz*cv3as561 ufwa edting on this cycle?


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28#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The efficiency of a heat engine is defined c lydqn1,2sw *7/bzzy as the ratio of

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29#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  If the theoretical efficiency of a Carnot engine is to be o d0pbux 3bqfz) pay0trf. 954100%, the heat sink mua)yqfb.4bt zux9o pr f5p 030dst be

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30#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A Carnot cycle consists ofe1)+kkvyoh55ay:di,dkx6 or

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31#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give the Kelvin-Planck statement of the second law of thermodynamwcm l7qens351,0qba d ics.
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32#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The coefficient of performance (COc .9s* 2 g,wvfr)slyvwi :f+esP) of a refrigerator is defined as the ratio o +w.s* y :s,frfse2lc9) vgvwif

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33#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a d-t:6h*t qgsxo g+g9u heat pump is defined as the ratio of

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34#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When water freezes, the entropy of the waqdg/qc+k, .syter

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35#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  According to the second law of thermody.-(gs-nd( xc 3 wc2ijylli,c lnamics, for any process that may occur within an isolated system, which one of the choices appll( 3icx- l- s.cj,ni2cgw dy(lies?

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36#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give a general statement of the second law of thzij1u9x , --p9 vtvytqym9g2termodynamics.
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37#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The second law of thermodynamics leads us mh( gc.lyv)w6-hm wb+to conclude that

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38#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is removed from an ikn2w/nn:a4f x deal gas. What is the change in internal enera n:n nwk/fx24gy?

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39#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During an isothermal pro u6i(dy+uba ,j+ kltp.cess, 5.0 J of heat is removed from an ideal gas. What is the wok.l+(d,i+ ua6jty bup rk done in the process?

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40#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The work done on an ideal gas system in a sv2zj64sdv kc1 8w,5ab ds2lln isothermal process is -400 J. What is th4cd2vl5aj b2 s86kdl ,s v1zswe change in internal energy?

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41#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  200 J of work is don q58e kfb8awmx)sfg 25e in compressing a gas adiabatically. What is the change in w25fg e s)5kmqx8ab8 finternal energy of the gas?

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42#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas undergoes an adiabatiu.fsx3dw.,bze - ig/ dc process while doing 25 J of work. What is thgux3swd ..,- fe zbd/ie change in internal energy?

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43#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, the i;5 lj.xq b fza4w;t,z;ouy4lu nternal energy of a system decreases by 50 J. What is xll;4,fo5 z4;uuyb qzaj. ;wt the work done?

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44#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, the ipky 0s *e-n-m1v ju+srnternal energy of a system decreases by 50 J. What is the heasyu-r0*+n mpkje1 sv -t exchange?

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45#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A certain amount of a monatomic gas is maintgt.)uq9cnvw l)a x- n4ained at constant volume as it is cooled by 50 K. This feat is accomplished by removing 400 J of energy from the gas. How mucxt)a)nlu4nv q9- wgc .h work is done by the gas?

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46#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A monatomic gas is cooled by 50 K at constanuhn4l3wn/g h :6 9qmwot volume when 831 J of energy is removed from it. How 9g h:w/3 mnw6uolhq4n many moles of gas are in the sample?

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47#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A system consists of 3.0 kg q(y y )wf1ee1o lyys 1iamo(92of water at $80 ^{\circ}C$. 30 J of work is done on the system by stirring with a paddle wheel, while 66 J of heat is removed. What is the change in internal energy of the system?

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48#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine receives 7000 J of heat and loses 3000 J in e(pw r.i4mzy ;gach cycle. What is the efficiencm.wyp 4irzg ;(y?

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49#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine has an efficiency of l3r:dfrc.dg/ilx(6 h35.0% and receives 150 J of heat per cycle. How much work does it .d:cdri3grlfh/6 xl( perform in each cycle?

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50#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% and receiveq,y d(s cf*p+bs 150 J of heat per cycle. dfq+*bpc, s(y How much heat does it exhaust in each cycle?

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51#
 
  303

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52#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cycle and exhausts c a4y+y.m+ru-l xozp 642 kcal. Calculate the efficiency ofa.yp oy4-ru 6+lczmx + each cycle.

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53#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of h)dz9suxy5 (oheat each cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. Calculatu s x)zydh59o(e the work done each cycle.

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54#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the fow*o l rd:,y d5xzmz1 q/d5/qorllowing characteristics: combustion chamber temperadzo/yo5xzd,rq:r1 *wl/d m 5qture = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the actual efficiency of this engine?

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55#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines bgo w5;3wf ecl+uilt so far has the following characteristics: comb;w+ 3cwgle 5foustion chamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the Carnot efficiency of this engine?

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56#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficiencr0x4 rz 29xride vu9u hoyla691m1y-t engines built so far has the following characteristics: combustion chamber temperamaloe2u4-r1h0y19 6xirdcryv9xz u 9ture = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the power output of this engine?

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57#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates qq-op4q5cn qk- 7ub8d,d wj 7v600 MW of electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the overall efficiency of the plant for generating electric power?

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58#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MWzhoum7(f -fq6 b vza h-s3f:a/ of electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the Carnot efficiency?

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59#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of eji/f /*:hs/ clln:vih lectric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. How much thermal energy is exhausted each day?

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60#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the Carnot efficiency of an e se(w tbc 4oi/sd//6yw./xlp4 wh daj2ngine which operates between $450 ^{\circ}K$ and $310 ^{\circ}K$?

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61#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the maximum theoretica o0)5tpylcz,gi-b( xvl efficiency possible for an engine operating betw(p bcx)v-y5io zl,g0 teen $100 ^{\circ}C$ and $400 ^{\circ}C$?

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62#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The efficiency of a Carnot engin qrs ;zyzqcp-2,jn3*je is 35.0%. What is the temperature of the coldq s*-qcy ,zjr3;nz2p j reservoir if the temperature of the hot reservoir is $500 ^{\circ}K$?

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63#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine operating between *jme1qqx y5 -7xuo;p q$40 ^{\circ}C$ and $380 ^{\circ}C$ has an efficiency 60% of that of a Carnot engine operating between the same temperatures. If the engine absorbs heat at a rate of 60 kW, at what rate does it exhaust heat?

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64#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A refrigerator removes huin7krw:i ji)w 5bbj vhh6*g,q4e/b:fv8 l-y eat from the freezing compartment at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. How much work i:,vi5jb8hhrg/k*jyblvu: 7i w 6)w4bqf en -is required in each cycle?

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65#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A refrigerator removes heat from the frees/*ya0 oequs dyf+)ml*qm9tk::x r-x6se q i 2zing compartment at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. Wy u* ms6:ek0 m9)i2fylet*:ds-ax+ oqqrxq/ shat is the coefficient of performance?

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66#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During each cycle of operation, a refrigerator absorbs 230 J of heat from v +mv e6k3n /it.+hlnkthe freezer andk+tk3v6ne./m n+l hvi expels 356 J of heat to the room. How much work input is required in each cycle?

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67#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the change in entropy when 50 g of ice;zp* jlfv9fo( melt at $0 ^{\circ}C$?

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68#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When 0.50 kg of ice freezes, the change in en5.a,kua*p94 5s pnyry wyyb0ltropy is

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69#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  1.0 kg of steam at $100 ^{\circ}C$ condenses to water at $100 ^{\circ}C$. What is the change in entropy in the process?

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70#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A container of ideal gas at STP undergoes an isothermal excl3 yw .kz*zu*h bxb)5pansion and its entropy chazz5b. 3luyb**w)ch kx nges by
3.7 J/e K. How much work does it do?

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71#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A piece of metal at pa5y/be bwv9+rz+ 6be x34ro w$80 ^{\circ}C$ is placed in 1.2 L of water at $72 ^{\circ}C$. The system is thermally isolated and reaches a final temperature of $75 ^{\circ}C$. Estimate the approximate change in entropy for this process.

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