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习题练习：Physics Unit15: Laws of Thermodynamics
本习题练习试卷来源于无忧得胜-网上国际课程 (https://5edu.win)， 为试卷打印版，您也可以在网站平台(https://5edu.win/)直接 访问本试卷的在线电子版并查看正确答案与解析，搜藏保存任意题目到收藏集。 访问方法: 平台首页左上角"通过试卷号快速访问"输入试卷号 73，并点击直达试卷；或浏览器地址栏内直接输入本试卷链接 https://5edu.win/test73.html  教师使用本平台可以抽题组卷或一键复制他人试卷，布置为在线考试或在线作业，全自动判分成绩一键排序导出，省时省力。
 作者: admin    总分: 71分  得分: _____________

答题人: 游客未登录  开始时间: 22年08月15日 12:53  切换到: 整卷模式

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1#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the T-V graph is an ,ace, epc+fz .


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2#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isothermal process, there is no change is,mkf/*d. ah ( g2)tqtrvix/j ;aaf8e n

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3#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of (m *:rfi6 *eng(rxpnzthermodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isothermal process,

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4#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is expanded to twice its original volume with no change in its tem4f58v1 *d 44pkkbxuw bsqp ,opperature. This p48wx*ubkp4kbs , 4 51f qpvpdorocess is

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5#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is compressed isothermally from 303ha;86ls xrl5ygx qb8 zm 2:uq L to 20 L. During this process, 6.0 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that co zuq;8mgsl5qy3b :l 6r82xxahmpressed the gas. What is the change of internal energy for this gas?

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6#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is compressed to one-half is9jj .-1og hzwts original volume during an isothermal jjo-1 h.g9wz sprocess. The final pressure of the gas

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7#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is expanded isothermally from 20 L to 30 L. During this prrka-zj: (;im r7h 1vnmo ga90emmli34ocess, 6 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism ril1jra;:3anhz 9m v 4gemo7 0-im(k mthat expanded the gas. Which of the following statements is correct?

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8#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is quickly compressed in an isolated environment. During the evc7y6, f-sul )f 4f bptwc(z-kcent, the gas exchanged no heat with its surroundings. Thucfw c-p 7,t kbff6(yzc)l4s- is process is

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9#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermo7df;ne* hf o7ddynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an adiabatic process,

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10#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A monatomic ideal ga5-aaxk8tlz8r d bpb *3s is compressed to one-half its original volume during an adiabatic process. The fbax8alt*db8 3rp-5k zinal pressure of the gas

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11#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all respects hcf38cs. n4qo except that one contains .qf4hco 8c3sn $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater temperature increase?

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12#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider two cylinders of gas idenfw/z;hh +m3y 9zh .pnotical in all respects except that one containsfzh 9z op+n;wh3.hym/ $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater pressure increase?

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13#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the PV diagram is an *: :b( i6jsqit f0ezjg


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14#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isobaric process, there is noah3tb5g(fm k: change in

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15#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of s 64s:x3er csythermodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isobaric process,

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16#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is allowed to expand at constant pressure as heat is added to it. This pr sa2x n4ox5d,aocess ox5naasdx 4, 2is

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17#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Ten joules of heat energy 2g4bv8y 7urw3dgcm 3i are transferred to a sample of ideal gas at constant pressure. As a resumbid27w3 cug4 rv3yg8lt, the internal energy of the gas

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18#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on th; 3wk(nq8(dfmll q 0sk j2y9cbe PV diagram is


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19#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, there is no chpk3r(ut d6z-w mms*n6 ange in

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20#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermodyna u4k2:gu t/dmlvk,(od mics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isochoric process,

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21#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is confined to a rigid container that cannot expand as heaozb3 u12ip4a ,jw*twk t energy is added to it.jia2tk3wpw 14 *,bouz This process is

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22#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to a s8l, n*;xzf ;ti98n55pgfcnt zpded 8v ample of ideal gas at constant volume. As a dipn88;v e 9x f,ntd5*lz znt58;pc gfresult, the internal energy of the gas

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23#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State the first law of thermod)aivx5szsv . (ni4dm/r/ f)f hynamics.
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24#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Is it possible to transfer heat from j1pg3v3r o,ayi9g7 dfa hot reservoir to a cold reservoir?

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25#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Is it possible to transfer heat from a nxw9ya(*qw k3 cold reservoir to a hot reservoir?

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26#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State the second law of thermodynamicsn)4onx qi,m; k according to Clausius.
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27#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is taken through the cycle 6k2vs+7vjgym8gmb q 6illustrated here. During one cycle, how much work is done by an engine operating on thi6q6 vg8mmyjv2 sk+7bgs cycle?


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28#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The efficiency of a hex ho6xi6 /(ytgat engine is defined as the ratio of

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29#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  If the theoretical efficiency of a Carnot engine is to be 100%ml k05h-hm,rc, the heat sink mu5 c-khm,l 0hmrst be

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30#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A Carnot cycle consistg-/d 7u9yp lsws of

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31#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give the Kelvin-Planck statement of the second law of thermodynamics.;t t-b6f dcb:d
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32#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a refrigerator iwgtrrz4b izr l*3s3 ):s defined as the ratio oi z3s3w zrtlbr)r4 g*:f

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33#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a y40 nxptmx*)yszq0;t heat pump is defined as the ratio of

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34#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When water freezes, theze s--2r)lb,1gk dtdy entropy of the water

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35#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  According to the seconv1 0vkx9a-nz bmmhl1 (d law of thermodynamics, for any process that may occur within an isolated system, which one of the cho1xvmm 1kb90(- nhvlzaices applies?

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36#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give a general statemenp4s r8bx4 my5u9z)v cpt of the second law of thermodynamics.
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37#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The second law of thermody,mz tr9ddyf4vbe:. h3namics leads us to conclude that

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38#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is removed from an ideal g.4 illakry(g5,*+fxymek 9 ; *yz smfzas. What is the change+z(,9ym*5lz . g;kymf*f4xkaliy e rs in internal energy?

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39#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is removed f ( m ufy(g1rk4d4agjk8rom an ideal gas. What is the work done ink8 1j 4r(4fy(gduagkm the process?

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40#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The work done on an ideal gas system in an isothermal process is -4rficg9j vz otx)k8:70 +kp;ls00 J. What is the change in internal energ:vcr x8 f7zgj tsk0+9pl;k)io y?

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41#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  200 J of work is donsk 0m4i7w.ay4w w0fe qe in compressing a gas adiabatically. What is the change in i74y fmwq04 kwsw.e 0ianternal energy of the gas?

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42#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas undergoes an adiabatic process while doing 25 J ofo/t )xj fbr.:j work. What is the change in internal energyx.objt: )f/rj ?

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43#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of a system decreases by 50 J2s /*sn* cyzdw. What is the work done?s* */c2dwnzys

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44#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of /it2yxy,rm:oi. sqd4 a system decreases by 50 J. What.odsmx4y ti2qiy: ,/r is the heat exchange?

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45#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A certain amount of a monatomic gas is maintained at constant volume as i k ur5pl/m.ffr44c se3t is cooled by 50 K. This feat is accomplished 34pfrm 5 lck f/r4us.eby removing 400 J of energy from the gas. How much work is done by the gas?

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46#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A monatomic gas is cooled by 50 K at constant volumv 5h h;vhu45u77wwwlz e when 831 J of energy is removed from it. How maw7h7h;wv vl5 zuwh u45ny moles of gas are in the sample?

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47#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A system consists of 3.0 kg oa 7gm(wt5pt; f6fsk;of water at $80 ^{\circ}C$. 30 J of work is done on the system by stirring with a paddle wheel, while 66 J of heat is removed. What is the change in internal energy of the system?

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48#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine receives 7000 spq/7d2s7iud+dk q4z*hn 3wi J of heat and loses 3000 J in each cycle. What is the eiu7ddq4 i/ k2ds *nqsz37h+ pwfficiency?

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49#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% afi;;k+brb7ln) m7jo and receives 150 J of heat per cycle. How muln;ro7ja)+ 7kf b b;imch work does it perform in each cycle?

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50#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% ajnb/+qd+ 8treo42zodsj 1isiv8) 0 psnd receives 150 J of heat per cycle. How mu 88v o2s0drijbqzose s)d+/tnp+ij41 ch heat does it exhaust in each cycle?

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51#
 
  303

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52#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of h*a*h* r6po2mrd ames+eat each cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate the effi parma2s*e6h d+or *m*ciency of each cycle.

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53#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cycle and exhaus2hry bjk5 bl+*wao4 vhv2),ymts 42 kcal. Calculate the work done each cycyl oy4k j+h) rbbw5mv*h a2v2,le.

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54#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines built so far hahy r.02nf0vxw :6zophe3um*d v 2d tov*y/k )hs the following characteristics: co 3.yzoe kx w*yr hvuvtpn6)h2m: h*od/200dv fmbustion chamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the actual efficiency of this engine?

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55#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines bui+fl9*0a m6 uu d:wro nse3r/2qknyv,jlt so far has the following characteristics: combustion r +wvj6:m aky, nes9do2/f*nl30rquuchamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the Carnot efficiency of this engine?

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56#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines built skyonyvo+js93ba ;b4mg.n6*y o far has the following characteristics: combus;o3*bok syy6 mb gj.9v4 +ynnation chamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the power output of this engine?

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57#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of egoglnt 0x 7k54.d 8kazybry 9:lectric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the overall efficiency of the plant for generating electric power?

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58#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generau8uelo;c+;d4m)wleqa+*f o z tes 600 MW of electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the Carnot efficiency?

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59#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric power. The plant useslqq6y53(9 lj (c(mu jysli +-0r vpqzz $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. How much thermal energy is exhausted each day?

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60#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the Carnot efficienc ih n*ehn4lp+: 9q3h s wuni)u.35pgqpy of an engine which operates between $450 ^{\circ}K$ and $310 ^{\circ}K$?

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61#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the maximum theoretical efficiency ku x at-j(:wu+possible for an engine operating betweu(ua :j-xt k+wen $100 ^{\circ}C$ and $400 ^{\circ}C$?

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62#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The efficiency of a Carnot engine is 35.0%. What is the t6g) peac,t: y7ntdintj rf:35 wf4q( aemperature of the cold reservowf t3)cn r(daytf4 agtqp :7 j65ie,:nir if the temperature of the hot reservoir is $500 ^{\circ}K$?

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63#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine operating betwee dx,jh ;q;)ukniq1uo3.dg,t gn $40 ^{\circ}C$ and $380 ^{\circ}C$ has an efficiency 60% of that of a Carnot engine operating between the same temperatures. If the engine absorbs heat at a rate of 60 kW, at what rate does it exhaust heat?

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64#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezingw ,g dz ar(vfe5a7*qu; compartment at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. How much wor*( 7df ;vqa5uezaw,rgk is required in each cycle?

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65#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A refrigerator removes heat tu-b )-c,tl upeu0. .qkq56 hsaplj;tfrom the freezing compartment at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. What is the coeffic;bl qh6q c,t)k tt s-p. l-j5uauu0ep.ient of performance?

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66#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During each cycle of operation, a refrigeratrde 2;y6r we bp0vlm..or absorbs 230 J of heat from the freezer and expels 356 J of heat to the room. How much work input is requir6y;remp.evdr . 02lbw ed in each cycle?

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67#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the change in ent,zi , nek(k fn50s+cami zac--ropy when 50 g of ice melt at $0 ^{\circ}C$?

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68#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When 0.50 kg of ice freezes, thk -lxke*n:4vwp*p p ;ne change in entropy is

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69#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  1.0 kg of steam at $100 ^{\circ}C$ condenses to water at $100 ^{\circ}C$. What is the change in entropy in the process?

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70#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A container of ideal gas at STP undergoes an isothermal expansion ankh 5re+ wyr/+c(wmee3d its entropy changes b5mwhec3wry+(k /e e+ry
3.7 J/e K. How much work does it do?

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71#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A piece of metal at cp +5j;axo lxy8lq50o$80 ^{\circ}C$ is placed in 1.2 L of water at $72 ^{\circ}C$. The system is thermally isolated and reaches a final temperature of $75 ^{\circ}C$. Estimate the approximate change in entropy for this process.

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