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习题练习:Physics Unit15: Laws of Thermodynamics

 作者: admin   总分: 71分  得分: _____________

答题人: 游客未登录  开始时间: 22年08月15日 12:53  切换到: 整卷模式

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1#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the T-V lkl;ud l8 jjv,5,5tuf, ccj:d graph is an


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2#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isothermal process, thebrs nelex2ks j4q)7/1f -lp, - ukae 8kc6na1kre is no change in

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3#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermodynamics, w(exu,3emzxim 7 -fk 5$Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isothermal process,

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4#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is expanded toa7( g;9lwwgwc.6 q rr;nyerh4 twice its original volume with no change in its temperature. ;we6 nch.war7glq ;49( rgrywThis process is

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5#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is compressed isothermally from 30 L to 20 L. During this dh, he8x6b7-b4t was ovuox-8process, 6.0 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that compressed the gas. What is the change 4ostvuo -bh7d8xhw e-8x,ab6 of internal energy for this gas?

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6#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is compressed to on9rs3o2 h, k bc)uzxcr*e-half its original volume during an isothermal process. The final pre xroc c,3us)k2* zrb9hssure of the gas

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7#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is expanded isot k;+bpxz9l/tm9i- b-bw0 bvfyhermally from 20 L to 30 L. During this process, 6 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that expanded the gas. Which of the following statements it y9-bmbv kf/-z0xpw b+il ;b9s correct?

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8#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is quickly compressed in an isolated elo 48ll g7)1iq jrly4environment. During the event, the gas exch1o)iller7jl 4 lgy4q8anged no heat with its surroundings. This process is

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9#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermodynamio 7-ixa ;pm dhms4xpg*t/6* nj pbh5kmr:q+ )scs, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an adiabatic process,

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10#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A monatomic ideal gas is compressed to one-half its oril0jyb7inf/l zb hn1sl6 8s;3i b)boy6ginal volume during an adiabatic procesoy1bsli b60y3s7z b 6/8hl;)j bnlin fs. The final pressure of the gas

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11#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider two cylinders of gas idegcdj7it21pi /: z sw6gntical in all respects except that one containsg 7tpi2sj:6c zgidw /1 $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater temperature increase?

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12#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all respects except that one contak eg*jvw a1v ,i09a:mginsav1 agegw ,*m 09jvi:k $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater pressure increase?

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13#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the 34a pi)p v2r 24yywoymPV diagram is an


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14#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isobaric processzx3 p5 v1nzvophwyv0jx+9 75s, there is no change in

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15#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermodynamarl.o i((la+k x2a 4piics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isobaric process,

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16#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is allowed to expand at constant pressumq kd+l2 xg rvn;)*a1gre as heat is added to it. This process isql1 gndr)g+a*vxm k2;

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17#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to a sample of idea tq;aycj.eo79 l gas at constant pressure. As a result, the internal energy of 9 7qct.oyaej ;the gas

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18#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the PV diagram ist3 u 7p9qgcebuw+ 3p:wjb 7/sc


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19#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, there is no change ik7vmtd2)vx+vch 9x khb5e)h7n

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20#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of tdm.)nij )tb w2hermodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isochoric process,

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21#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is confined to a rigid container that cannot expand as heat energy ia3yu07v2m3ycto bx 3ls added to it. This process ix2ab 3y3co7ltmu y3 0vs

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22#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Ten joules of heat energy are transferr7h)0ggl8da rts 7ssil :;qm 8oed to a sample of ideal gas at constant volume. Asl rg 8:gsoqi adlsht;8707s)m a result, the internal energy of the gas

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23#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State the first law of thermodynamics7awu- 9xqw54; dce 2wyo qi5 -:tbtirx.
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24#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Is it possible to transf x(1uhx; vhcl(om2 brp.8u9dm er heat from a hot reservoir to a cold reservoir?

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25#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Is it possible to transfer heat from a cold reserwj46 4peqg7fu knwq,;voir to a hot reservoir?

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26#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State the second lawa ks5 hgmwcsi9t1i:z5g8fu8/ of thermodynamics according to Clausius.
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27#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is taken through the cycle illustrated here. During one cycl.+); dysdooe0 okc0hdk: g b.(i2) av r1ulphne, how much work is done by an engine ope(sk+)vbh;ey 0og 0a21k odi. op dr)d:.lh nucrating on this cycle?


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28#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The efficiency of a heat engine i)aj )i4. b,ihk0 smwvks defined as the ratio of

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29#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  If the theoretical efficiency of a Carnot en1 s)ab,tnn8kt gine is to be 100%, the heat sink must btbakn1t) ,sn8e

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30#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A Carnot cycle consisf,gd vk x-i6:uts of

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31#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give the Kelvin-Planck statement of the second ltsif,j) ,x9 baaw of thermodynamics.
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32#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a refrigerator is defined as the ratioq bk1+v (bv7mt90pc eo obq7p0ocv be1+kv9m( tf

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33#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The coefficient of performanced 5a ,xu4tidb7 (COP) of a heat pump is defined as the ratio of

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34#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When water freezes, the entropy of tk9 w5 t6+ szcxxz9lw0khe water

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35#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  According to the second law of thermodynamics, for any process that may occur f; tyoffq 1(tc(7h c dglu-18jwithin an iso;c1(ho tcf 1 -fj tfl(yd8qg7ulated system, which one of the choices applies?

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36#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give a general statement of thr3d78a ysn+fbg- f2my h7so p0e second law of thermodynamics.
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37#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The second law of thermodynamics (574t yt0zd)zkyd6 m 1fkmkfqleads us to conclude that

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38#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is removed from an ideal onrq w:4uy:h4mt9*d6ou (rtf gas. What is the chaqom: d*:ru 4(othwu 64ty rn9fnge in internal energy?

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39#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During an isothermal process2goy lkjc(s 0*0z j,uorp(7: kd4lrp p, 5.0 J of heat is removed from an ideal gas. What is the work do(,2or sr 7ku0p*od4lpy0:c(k gj jpzlne in the process?

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40#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The work done on an ideal gas systeix*9x xis9 *a9 g5njfsm in an isothermal process is -400 J. What is the change in interfg x59 *j9i xs9nx*isanal energy?

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41#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  200 J of work is done in compressing a gas adiabatically. df 7dznlhlh3 o4(2/u9o8pq ok What is the change in internal energy of the g7zo l( h892q/lpf3d onduo4hkas?

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42#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas undergoes an adiabatic process while doing/weuq2ds50m73j m e oq 25 J of work. What is the change in internal energ20dj5us e/w3qem m7qoy?

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43#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, the internal enerxdi )k / 0x;p7srj-n2enxxf- ygy of a system decreases by 50 J. What is the work xin 2jx7d r x- yk;f-pn0/esx)done?

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44#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of a system decre-y yg b/ b:iqjvv41-7o5p ebpc uk9ec,ases by 50 J. What is pbv u :jv q/cikoe ep4byg9by 1--5c7,the heat exchange?

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45#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A certain amount of a monatomic gas is maintained at con+m z d3(*bb lfq:x+lc.)vikhkstant volume as it is cooled by 50 K. This feat is accomplished by removing 400 J of energy from the gas. How much wi)cqkb. f+lx+ : *3 dvkl(hzbmork is done by the gas?

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46#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A monatomic gas is cooled by 50 K at constan j2pz3bomh4eozh8g /7t volume when 831 J of energy is removed from it. Ho/hgo4z8 jh7b2z omp3 ew many moles of gas are in the sample?

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47#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A system consists of 3.0 kg vc479e3dfim mof water at $80 ^{\circ}C$. 30 J of work is done on the system by stirring with a paddle wheel, while 66 J of heat is removed. What is the change in internal energy of the system?

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48#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine receives 7000 J of heat and loses 3000 J in each cycle)1d5l j+pkopj . What is the effilpdjj 1o)kp+ 5ciency?

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49#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% and receives 150 J of heat per cycle. esr3 zkvf1 8j 04q:ff csk/0ym How much work does it perform in eachsm 0 k /y cvf:jesk4r30fz1q8f cycle?

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50#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% and m7ce0x62 q athqwm.icve*-sr0 gi 26sreceives 150 J of heat per cycle. c0qi atg wh qmemsvx7660s ri-. e2*2cHow much heat does it exhaust in each cycle?

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51#
 
  303

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52#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cycle and exhausts bzk2+6o;jgy) ) h k gjrul8e2e42 kcal. Calculate the efficienckl g; j)he)6r8 jkzb+22gyeuo y of each cycle.

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53#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cycle and ey w7opym /wx*gl jfn:18hlp va/g0r77xhausts 42 kcal. Calculate the work don phvrw8 go7 077*xnla/jf :pywg1 y/lme each cycle.

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54#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the following e 6d.x tamq17a7d1qc l;t*q;d h b+jqmcharacteristics: combustion chamber tetjl c1bd;*qq76 a1;qad d.qm xte +h7mmperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the actual efficiency of this engine?

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55#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines built 8/v,o+llhw3oaywnue m -b,,ldp:d g, so far has the following characteristics: com:ll oyhd p-ld,+eo ,, un8/bw ,awvg3mbustion chamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the Carnot efficiency of this engine?

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56#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the followi38 sp/zum*nugng characteristics:u8 mp n3uz*/sg combustion chamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the power output of this engine?

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57#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 60)::i 6mk vy*ixfg-ds f0 MW of electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the overall efficiency of the plant for generating electric power?

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58#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric power. The f.yi,bk( 4hjq plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the Carnot efficiency?

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59#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant genb;tviq hb2th;pk1q 4;6efryw( 9kn n7erates 600 MW of electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. How much thermal energy is exhausted each day?

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60#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the Carnot efficiency of an engine which operates buvuv,/yq:8b zq4apg zfl,1 o -etween $450 ^{\circ}K$ and $310 ^{\circ}K$?

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61#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the maximum theoretical efficiency po,nn0q7v -s +ccfaa.q jb89df zssible for an engine operating betweenbc 98. q,dz7fsf cjv an+a-0nq $100 ^{\circ}C$ and $400 ^{\circ}C$?

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62#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The efficiency of a Carnot engine is 35.0%. What is the temperature of tr:ag rm7dzb j,k 0itmh0/d/o n3t6- ezjd5j:ihe cold reservoir if th6aibdgrj::jz/d t ,tz 0k5j0 idoe3mh-/7mrne temperature of the hot reservoir is $500 ^{\circ}K$?

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63#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine operatii 4xi jf0-c*ying between $40 ^{\circ}C$ and $380 ^{\circ}C$ has an efficiency 60% of that of a Carnot engine operating between the same temperatures. If the engine absorbs heat at a rate of 60 kW, at what rate does it exhaust heat?

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64#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A refrigerator removes heat from the freeziq,do )3fziw)g y( ;ypzsop 5-vng compartment at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. How much work is required in each cycvzzosi)qp5( y d w ,p;of-gy)3le?

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65#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A refrigerator removes heat fr wsn21usk5d(h/tx6 cf+upuw2t (p 7xfom the freezing compartment at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into w2(th/ upu1 dff7sspwxk5tcn 2u+ 6(xa room per cycle. What is the coefficient of performance?

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66#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During each cycle of operation, a refrigerator absobz 034z dt*0bvlghi e.rbs 230 J of heat from the freezer and expels 356 J of heat to the roz*.b3 h00eti dl4gbvz om. How much work input is required in each cycle?

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67#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the change in entropy wav v1 mw/cig2-hen 50 g of ice melt at $0 ^{\circ}C$?

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68#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When 0.50 kg of ice freezes, theuut.8f/f)6;kx zrrf b change in entropy is

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69#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  1.0 kg of steam at $100 ^{\circ}C$ condenses to water at $100 ^{\circ}C$. What is the change in entropy in the process?

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70#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A container of ideal ga s,abjak4kd 0wv1- 0vgs at STP undergoes an isothermal expansion and its entropy changes byv0dga b ,4kv-j1sw ka0
3.7 J/e K. How much work does it do?

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71#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A piece of metal at fu78flnn*l:pz. gql2$80 ^{\circ}C$ is placed in 1.2 L of water at $72 ^{\circ}C$. The system is thermally isolated and reaches a final temperature of $75 ^{\circ}C$. Estimate the approximate change in entropy for this process.

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总分:71分 及格:42.6分 时间:不限时
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