1. Which of the following could be part of the description of a forest habitatzdljev s1 u(i+mx ;.:d on a mo 1.: +dujsxelvi m;(zduntain?
I. The community in the forest.
II. The population of a species.
III. The annual mean rainfall.
IV. The location of the mountain range

  2. Which of the following are conditions rhzv8;a dir kmb f)0i;:equired for coral reef formation in an oci0kbd)mah:zv ;8ifr; ean?
I. Appropriate salinity of the water.
II. The presence of coral grazing species.
III. The annual mean temperature of the ocean between 22 and 27°C.
IV. The depth of the water allows sunlight to reach the reef.

  3. Which one of the following is a correnhkrii4 i3c89(9 mzlegmj 2f -ct feature of a tundra biome but not for492mhfcz3n( i9eki8- i rgmjl a taiga biome?

  4. What is the best t1a+l )ezj k7cdescription of the limits of tolerance of a species?

(a) Divided leaves

(b) Low stomatal densi7/ , u5rrxodk u jx,/dh5(bpjjty

(c) Leaves at the top of tall stems.9 ymp;kizv9n.

(a) List the two abiotic factors that are the determinants of the type of lvjprd.lj mb5r 0u:3. terrestrialdjuj.b3:. rp mr5vl0 l biome.

(b) Suggest one example of an are;-atgl t x4l d2ykxl mc5za**7a occupied by one these biomes that may change due to global warming. Suggest a reason why this cld;tl -ka4zxm l cta2yxg*7*5hange may happen.

7. Borislava is an ecologist. She is responsible fo h u 27ejhx.x1vmzat-8r the protected areas of a beach on the Mediterranean coast of Spain. The area is protected because there are populations of rare plants adapted to the sand dune habitat w xujz8hvh- tm7xa1.e2hich is a hostile environment for many plant species. The conservation areas are each of approximately 100x50m.

Explain how to carry out a line transect to monitor the distribution of plants in this part of the beach.

8. Outline three ways zhdms*5qnm j7n hjz mu5*3 .1tin which plants avoid being consumed by herbivorous animal*hd .n5mh z*mqs5j1n 3tjmzu7s.