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习题练习：Physics Unit15: Laws of Thermodynamics
本习题练习试卷来源于无忧得胜-网上国际课程 (https://5edu.win)， 为试卷打印版，您也可以在网站平台(https://5edu.win/)直接 访问本试卷的在线电子版并查看正确答案与解析，搜藏保存任意题目到收藏集。 访问方法: 平台首页左上角"通过试卷号快速访问"输入试卷号 73，并点击直达试卷；或浏览器地址栏内直接输入本试卷链接 https://5edu.win/test73.html  教师使用本平台可以抽题组卷或一键复制他人试卷，布置为在线考试或在线作业，全自动判分成绩一键排序导出，省时省力。
 作者: admin    总分: 71分  得分: _____________

答题人: 游客未登录  开始时间: 22年08月15日 12:53  切换到: 整卷模式

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1#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the T-V graph ic 6w+t .nk(ozjm63vzis an


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2#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isothermal process, there is c n:r;w lc1wz -pb9wr7no change in

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3#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of the.mbsv76k; +yenn ohs:rmodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isothermal process,

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4#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is expanded to twice its ori:lv;t5mqt.,kl s n 1mcfkfg (*ginal volume with no change in its temperature. Thick nl.lf5k: (v sm fq1*,t;mgts process is

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5#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is compdhxrobo ok)ap0 ik, f/ * h7m/c/sud/3ressed isothermally from 30 L to 20 L. During this process, 6.0 J of energy is expended by the external meo rxk3u*hm7///f dodsch0 kop/a), ibchanism that compressed the gas. What is the change of internal energy for this gas?

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6#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is compressed oy sa-el5wtu9hwbm)x 6 5fw- *+p/etcto one-half its original volume during an isothermal process. The fin p5 efwms-tybwht 6e59a+*w- lx c)uo/al pressure of the gas

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7#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is expanded isothermallytf.1ytvya vv *o8dc;uk4j 3i9fnm*q( from 20 L to 30 L. During this process, 6 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that expanded the gas. Which of the following statements isqi4.vtf c3mv1y t*a8ov kud j(n9yf;* correct?

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8#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is quickly compressed in an isolatnqfnsq8 71)jtr*h/l hsat g72ed environment. During the event, the gas exchanged /*nt sqjhf8ht277a) rs1lqn g no heat with its surroundings. This process is

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9#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermodynamics,pnu 8/erm4ga6lu9a)k huka:m(ba b - , $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an adiabatic process,

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10#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A monatomic ideal gas is compressed to one-half its orig.ur )dwku7/nv0giof (ly bm /,inal volume during an adiab/un k(r.,/lvd7yig0fwoub m) atic process. The final pressure of the gas

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11#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all respectnp6 2h+gy+v - d .nkjv0gjoqw7s except that one contains p7+qkggov wh-.vn0 +j2 d6jyn$O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater temperature increase?

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12#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all r;wwc ljs l;0s xun6/,z/q,kz *u8lbx sespects except that one contains nsz;cl*k,j x6w ls;/z, 0s8 xu/wlbq u$O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater pressure increase?

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13#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the PV dpn e3l:c3uits k.10x wiagram is an


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14#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isobaric process, there is v t8uwz(, x6aeyp a8jm.lvr;3no change in

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15#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermodynam+shb qyh,ck03tv of8;ics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isobaric process,

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16#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is allowed to expand at constant pressure as heat is added to it. kfc3-vnc(hnm,s k wqi 101tk3This prowf(cn,101 -s3mck nq3 vikkth cess is

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17#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Ten joules of heat energy are d3;bgh;vb 8jp transferred to a sample of ideal gas at constant presh; 8pb3gv jbd;sure. As a result, the internal energy of the gas

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18#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the *-3jz.jtu:3c q/hu v /u o2zrzkdaw 3cPV diagram is


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19#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, the:83c(q2s-qw( i8p7v5yvqmcxb h crsgre is no change in

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20#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermody rx7dg*o skke)vq +5b1namics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isochoric process,

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21#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is confined to a rigid container p by8q3 getw04that cannot expand as heat energy is added to it. Thipb8w yeq3g 04ts process is

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22#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to a sample of ideal gas at con3ne su2eaohv3l.b ,;u stant volume. As a resulou;vs n3 ubeel a,h2.3t, the internal energy of the gas

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23#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State the first law oa14t7s789ac, d fc x ldb3miuaf thermodynamics.
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24#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Is it possible to trabs 6lg/t-ar5m nsfer heat from a hot reservoir to a cold reservoir?

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25#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Is it possible to transfer heat from a cold nphx5yq:: z,w reservoir to a hot reservoir?

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26#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State the second law of thermodynamics according to Clausius.. tyoq9a ne,e 3tvwl )2(blbsq 7wdh55
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27#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is taken through the cycle illustrated here. During one cycle, how mby ( d;nwy4nv5ru 6zs/uch work is done by an engine operating onswru 5/n6 4vydnb( z;y this cycle?


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28#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The efficiency of a heat engine is df )9dliy qk4jk8,)e jdefined as the ratio of

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29#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  If the theoretical efficiency of a Carnot engilsai2gkd-,dts oxt+v4; n ;4 ,u 0jhzkne is to be 100%, the heat sink must b-0ki d snhzt+,j,u2; l vx g4kos;d4ate

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30#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A Carnot cycle consisb vm1mcjxn:-bn ,;h(nts of

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31#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give the Kelvin-Planck statement of the second law of thermxp s/d)tekkf0:3e zw,odynamics.
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32#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a refrigerator is dei1 ph 7t pq,:0cj-h;vm: mbtsffined as the ratio of b t0ciq,jf:hhm:7ms p-; tp1v

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33#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a heat pump is defined as the ratio od 5l03, ps0n(asr4u;u iuzhkwm*3phf f

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34#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When water freezes, ty 1)fua1e,lt 8-whaj nagh9q1he entropy of the water

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35#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  According to the second law of thermodyna/ ab at inqsl4ioih2en793za,z it527mics, for any process that may occur within an ,ais ntol597e7bi2n zaaq/34 th2 iizisolated system, which one of the choices applies?

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36#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give a general statement of the second law of thermodynamicsx 6xfn0 t8 nm89yc;wx.a9quqg.
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37#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The second law of thermodynamics leadzhd qb4*k79ews us to conclude that

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38#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heku a(ta)vsc/ 6ea o72sat is removed from an ideal gas. What is the change in2u6(vko )ca /esasa7t internal energy?

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39#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is removed from bnjgqre7yh1 1) 2pu ;jf-xi2g an ideal gas. What jngxeg q rh2u 17y-j;2 )pibf1is the work done in the process?

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40#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The work done on an ideal gas system in an isothermal pro65qmg vbc.hvlk3 ,o u)cess is -400 J. What is t.)vlkvuc 35q,gh o6 mbhe change in internal energy?

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41#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  200 J of work is done in compressing a gas adiabatically. hp4qp/s,; iv vWhat is the change in internvp,pv/h;si4q al energy of the gas?

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42#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas undergoes an adiabatic process while doing 25 J of work. nyh(x- a 1sgo*0jfrxox*c 3o 6What is the change in sx30o6 hcf1y n*go *a(-jorxxinternal energy?

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43#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of a system decreases by 50 Jirb h)r x*9b1i. What9 bixh)rri1 b* is the work done?

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44#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of a system decre0ueni +*-q vzoases by 50 J. What is t*0uz+oni -ve qhe heat exchange?

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45#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A certain amount of a monatomic gas is maintained at constant volume as it3;hvh;aza(9z v6 i eig)iba r3 is cooled by 50 K. This feat is accomplishezhvavar6z;i ei3;3)9(ga h ibd by removing 400 J of energy from the gas. How much work is done by the gas?

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46#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A monatomic gas is cooled by 50 K at constakr2c4vpyh, 1fnt volume when 831 J of energy is removed from it. How man 1cpy2vk ,frh4y moles of gas are in the sample?

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47#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A system consists of 3.0 kg of1+ )*pvx igw2dsknlk7 water at $80 ^{\circ}C$. 30 J of work is done on the system by stirring with a paddle wheel, while 66 J of heat is removed. What is the change in internal energy of the system?

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48#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine receives 7000 J fcr,o*mr: 3j 3syq8udswh4 -o of heat and loses 3000 J in each cycle. What is the effici4mr whs y8 -,uoj rd3o:3fscq*ency?

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49#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine has an efficie:ama j0 x;3s:8d vz spy8bph/sncy of 35.0% and receives 150 J of heat per cycle. How much h;yz :ba/8:ssd s0pj83mxvpawork does it perform in each cycle?

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50#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% andslp p7(7gcn4v receives 150 J of heat per cycle. How7cpps 7g n(4vl much heat does it exhaust in each cycle?

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51#
 
  303

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52#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat eachhcvm-qo1p:w sgk p:4 ,2(5c hk,9p;wcjgmy zv cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate the p cmgck:o;,hw 2 yvsh-4(qpk,vzg 1m9: pj5cwefficiency of each cycle.

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53#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cycle and * *luf j7bi1ggqwp7-z exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate the work done each cb77g 1li-qjfp* uw g*zycle.

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54#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines u5odn .j1f2acu /;k al+pu+4bzafo1nbuilt so far has the following characteristics: combustion chamber t2fd5u1pon;ul +una/ .4j1 b faokz+ caemperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the actual efficiency of this engine?

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55#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficiaa* :*uva,*tglls6z p4 yl3 qoent engines built so far has the following characteristics: combustion chamb*, t *ga a qsuy4lplz3:6a*lover temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the Carnot efficiency of this engine?

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56#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the fos5 )llee,h l8gllowing characteristics: combustion chamber temperaturel,5lh)8g ls ee = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the power output of this engine?

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57#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant genejr2 e/mhg 5ve3 0rdv:arates 600 MW of electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the overall efficiency of the plant for generating electric power?

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58#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric powe lx(1 1+1.- gahgcmxe/su bhvm8ny3et) zsz )pr. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the Carnot efficiency?

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59#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600fazz pwv-0 ,p* MW of electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. How much thermal energy is exhausted each day?

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60#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the Carnot efficiency of an engine which operateegvr :;uedc 1/s between $450 ^{\circ}K$ and $310 ^{\circ}K$?

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61#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the maximum theoretical efficiency pos-2q5w /ztb4c-2ou+mmu :jls uwiu *f psible for an engine operating betweep2usf w:u*+c -mm wz/b ul 25o4ituq-jn $100 ^{\circ}C$ and $400 ^{\circ}C$?

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62#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The efficiency of a Carnot engine is 35.0%. What is the tempn 8t( h)s)y0nijt 1zlheleuy04p*3bxerature of the cold reservoir if the temperature of the hot r*u40pt38jz xie1hnbnllt s( ey)0 h)yeservoir is $500 ^{\circ}K$?

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63#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine operating betwee l/*+yr aw(5;ixzdk ez)2u(x4ur cdl vn $40 ^{\circ}C$ and $380 ^{\circ}C$ has an efficiency 60% of that of a Carnot engine operating between the same temperatures. If the engine absorbs heat at a rate of 60 kW, at what rate does it exhaust heat?

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64#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A refrigerator removes heat from(1c)ia pniqy po) 05gvyq8 (fq the freezing compartment at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. How much workyq5 i )fpinv(8a)qo1( pqcy0g is required in each cycle?

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65#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing compartment at the rate of 4 sc bm3r..r6rryh )um20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ imh6ru. rmc3rb s).r4ynto a room per cycle. What is the coefficient of performance?

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66#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During each cycle of operatio1vr)hm8cm w u/n tq17zn, a refrigerator absorbs 230 J of heat from the free u7h rv/mtn1q1zwm) c8zer and expels 356 J of heat to the room. How much work input is required in each cycle?

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67#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the change in entropy w 4fqhjo2 2uj2then 50 g of ice melt at $0 ^{\circ}C$?

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68#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When 0.50 kg of ice freezes, the change in entropy i2 re ;9ce3;wwpbagh,es

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69#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  1.0 kg of steam at $100 ^{\circ}C$ condenses to water at $100 ^{\circ}C$. What is the change in entropy in the process?

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70#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A container of ideal gas at STP undergoes an isothelj ht 3 k3vs)ura(2pt/rmal expansion and its entropylku23ta)(v/ h3tsr pj changes by
3.7 J/e K. How much work does it do?

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71#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A piece of metal at rn7/)sbi i8*p+ 7bk/no- xjxnjez nt:$80 ^{\circ}C$ is placed in 1.2 L of water at $72 ^{\circ}C$. The system is thermally isolated and reaches a final temperature of $75 ^{\circ}C$. Estimate the approximate change in entropy for this process.

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