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习题练习：Physics Unit15: Laws of Thermodynamics
本习题练习试卷来源于无忧得胜-网上国际课程 (https://5edu.win)， 为试卷打印版，您也可以在网站平台(https://5edu.win/)直接 访问本试卷的在线电子版并查看正确答案与解析，搜藏保存任意题目到收藏集。 访问方法: 平台首页左上角"通过试卷号快速访问"输入试卷号 73，并点击直达试卷；或浏览器地址栏内直接输入本试卷链接 https://5edu.win/test73.html  教师使用本平台可以抽题组卷或一键复制他人试卷，布置为在线考试或在线作业，全自动判分成绩一键排序导出，省时省力。
 作者: admin    总分: 71分  得分: _____________

答题人: 游客未登录  开始时间: 22年08月15日 12:53  切换到: 整卷模式

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1#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the T-V graph is t7sicy+z: v+ w nn8z;ran


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2#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isothermal process, there is no change inf g2a hz,x;4zn

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3#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of th 8dd t.(h zyuus*9kt1mermodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isothermal process,

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4#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is expanded to twice its (.bua- su2 uzd/5hwr uoriginal volume with no change in its temperature. This process (dbu w-hr2 s z.uuu/a5is

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5#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is compreso/:v0;4hqllh m awgk(sed isothermally from 30 L to 20 L. During this process, 6.0 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that compressed the gas kh(hm4v0ao :g lq;/wl. What is the change of internal energy for this gas?

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6#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is compressed to one-half its original volume during k lcxyh77xk 8j:al-akkvv n06 y dj9/9an isothermal process. The final pressur /yalvykjk l: x76hvnkd980 -ka9xcj7 e of the gas

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7#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is expanded isoth.hvx 25j3-rkgk8 g2ep ig bjv8uem*b3ermally from 20 L to 30 L. During this process, 6 J of energy is expended by th ejki3bmv xj. 825uvge* 3r 8-pg2kgbhe external mechanism that expanded the gas. Which of the following statements is correct?

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8#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is quickly compressed in an isolated environment. During the ev0 tycrxigpf4h8 6cnt qkc*/44ent, the gas*44r c0 g8k6fi xhy4cc/ nqptt exchanged no heat with its surroundings. This process is

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9#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law ofdxngy(isx05 . thermodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an adiabatic process,

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10#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A monatomic ideal gas is compressed to one-half its original volume,vqx+ jtt(a. h during an adiabatic process. th tj,v(x.+a qThe final pressure of the gas

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11#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all respects except that one conta0,iov 4lslhy/r/cuun f 3 2f)ui g+f /o3jb2nhins f23 n4fnbiiv/0u+/j)llh s f23uh,/o ycogr u$O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater temperature increase?

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12#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider two cylinders :,x u4( ffgkepof gas identical in all respects except that one contains e f4uxgf,:(pk $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater pressure increase?

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13#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the PV diagb3f ri b1 8etjc-wg*ss-c ry -r09:2 oy,zcncdram is an


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14#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isobaric process, there is no chang7o 9 h mjhq+ya/oo6.ziiolk4 (e in

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15#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law o6k,b2ern ga wzb45+e uf thermodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isobaric process,

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16#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is allowed to expand at c, 5lk:uio:u r 6eltpfdj/e 3c/v ydk-)onstant pressure as heat is added to it. This procec:fe,v j)ou5et yk: u/pd6/l3klrd- iss is

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17#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to a sample of ideal gas apqw)vkk) -wbn ti : 4np,: ryre*9wwj;t constant pressure. As a result, the intern -:vyww)k)4ebqj*r:w9ipn, p ktwrn; al energy of the gas

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18#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the 1x (rnq5j(.bm pp*kxe PV diagram is


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19#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, there uv51y.nwu9thxc9:l/j h / rbnis no change in

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20#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermodynamicuh-0 dll*3ktk) ej-tnouu6n 95uvt j7s, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isochoric process,

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21#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is confined to a rigid container that cannot expand as heat);ddrd.l g1y 2j1ud f:zzod *r energy is added to it. This procer1:2zdgdflr j;1)*ud. o zddy ss is

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22#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to a sample of ideal5ea-hm v*c r .l)z4hwz gas at constant volume. As arm-l.z hzvcw)h5* 4ae result, the internal energy of the gas

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23#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State the first law of thercgs w. fhw6w72modynamics.
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24#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Is it possible to transfer heat from a hot o z a/ixr3k*k*reservoir to a cold reservoir?

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25#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Is it possible to transfer heat from a cold reservoir to k*)n80cg i t.aq:yh2j5 aqat hqv57kjyur; 9ba hot reservoir?

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26#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State the second law of thermodynamics according to Clausi)f 7 /cfr(a9f gnwlrh0us.
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27#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is taken through the cycle illustrated here. During 7g :l dlgxe),aone cycle, how much work is done by al7)ea,x :g dgln engine operating on this cycle?


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28#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The efficiency of a heat engine is defined +a0l8fc y3w;h8p otnsep1v+9 rqr u-t as the ratio of

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29#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  If the theoretical efficiency of a Carnot en muli;-5g+ iph,ug6cr5a2 ha lgine is to be 100%, the heat sink must be; +-lrlg uh5ih6pmu2igac a,5

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30#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A Carnot cycle consiskc(.* jc.k 87. b bsthp;zkai ne-ddy7ts of

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31#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give the Kelvin-Planck statement of t-wbjdso9 y j:18 xbqg6he second law of thermodynamics.
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32#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The coefficient of performance (COlm m6dj2njv o: g,372:coiq fxP) of a refrigerator is defined as the ratio od,m:j3jx o2 mn2:fi lv7q6cogf

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33#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a heat pump is defined as th;q7w s6yr1lale ratio of

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34#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When water freezes, the entropy of the watey-u(:.9bym+my uoxvr r

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35#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  According to the second law of thermodynamics, for any pr3(c,mzisi ,crq1-ph gocess that may occur withiqr z-i,1s(, ch 3mpgcin an isolated system, which one of the choices applies?

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36#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give a general statement of the second law of thermodynami,;j2 k rkdwk1pexj4a/cs.
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37#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The second law of thermodynamics leads us to conclude t..d*6 q. g 7zvs i:extbawd(yshat

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38#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is remove f 7v9j4dph goh2c/1sld from an ideal gas. What is the chadp v gh2/1j49ofhc7lsnge in internal energy?

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39#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During an isothermal process, 5.0 cj) yl 9n;izyy,h9kt*v l6zv4 J of heat is removed from an ideal gas. What is the work dovkylhz9 jctyil9 nzv4) y6 ;,*ne in the process?

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40#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The work done on an ideal gas sysj mvgax ohli 3m97d09r.i( a.ltem in an isothermal process is -400 J. What is the change in internal eneidg9j9hxmo r7mli0.l a(a.v3rgy?

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41#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  200 J of work is done in compressing a gas adiabatically. l5y4 rf1dn9- i jdp k75vcvik5 What is the change in intep9k545rl 1jvc7idd kn yi5 fv-rnal energy of the gas?

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42#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas undergoes an adiabatic process while doing 25 J of work. Whaf 4v0psd 095qnkznku7 qi 6sc9t is the change inq 6npv5ukc 49q 0s9ikf7d0z sn internal energy?

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43#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, the internal er nlmiq7u*k/f /,)(8hmbam efnergy of a system decreases by 50 J. What is the w (afr/if ek q8nuh) l,b7mm*/mork done?

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44#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of h*tbk psdft pcij;llt6w0lm( .t(1(5 a system decreases by 50 J. What is the heat exchantlmspipblkh51t(0.l6;c(ttj *wf ( dge?

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45#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A certain amount of a monatomo + 1rt1unonv ctk. 6au:944gr5 tceebic gas is maintained at constant volume as it is cooled by 50 K. This feat is accomplished by removing 400 J of energy fro. cent: n1okrg46oc5 9utrte 4abvu1+m the gas. How much work is done by the gas?

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46#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A monatomic gas is cool o2kev1x5y /jqed by 50 K at constant volume when 831 J of energy is removed from it. How many moles of gas x/jk1qo25vye are in the sample?

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47#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A system consists of 3.0 kg of water 8hnfa1t1kv q9w8,;n sit vp t.at $80 ^{\circ}C$. 30 J of work is done on the system by stirring with a paddle wheel, while 66 J of heat is removed. What is the change in internal energy of the system?

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48#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine receives 7000 J of heat and loses 3000 J in each cycle./h)34(ar0.qe mde sd1hmm vjh What is the effici0mm3sdmh.)hav( d e1j e 4r/qhency?

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49#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine has an efficiencn;lgb9q*/*qsuxn5,ghk b 4 2vk w /wyyy of 35.0% and receives 150 J of heat per cycle. vy,*/ ;yb/qu 5nxqws n9 gg*w bhl4kk2How much work does it perform in each cycle?

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50#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% ub,v31j/3f(koat yy pr)vs a/ and receives 150 J of heat per cycle. How pya( jv /k uv)fa3ys1/b3r ot,much heat does it exhaust in each cycle?

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51#
 
  303

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52#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cycle and exhausts 42 kcal.i1h+(eij1 se tjk-c;d Calculate the efficiency o+j dhk1;e(1-istijecf each cycle.

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53#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. Calc9al2sqqs9 pa gd / 2hh3/wrq;oulate 99p 2sgq d/lr; 2hwqoa3sa /qhthe work done each cycle.

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54#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the followingc7,j f*p kp ua;irk:6o characteristics: combustion chamber te,6pi:ujc*7 okf p ra;kmperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the actual efficiency of this engine?

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55#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the followinps-o;8i(ycgyocf; 1xhw mw 0; g characteristics: combustion chamber temperature = wowhc;p y1 m(8 ;oi0yxcgfs ;-$1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the Carnot efficiency of this engine?

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56#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the following characterisa zf6e2f ye2k.tics: c 26zfyef.2eak ombustion chamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the power output of this engine?

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57#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric power. The plant usesy 1yh+9 0uki,s-jwfaw $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the overall efficiency of the plant for generating electric power?

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58#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric power. The plag8p)pco1qj m:nt uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the Carnot efficiency?

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59#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electrisa56pbi yn 35lc power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. How much thermal energy is exhausted each day?

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60#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the Carnot efficiency of an engine which operates between jc01qo 9tmdhs90dd b6zl(8cc $450 ^{\circ}K$ and $310 ^{\circ}K$?

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61#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the maximum theoretical efficiency possiblb3 81rdu5sfth i4n 4ohed,di8e for an engine operating betwd 48if4s, ndi8odt e153hrhubeen $100 ^{\circ}C$ and $400 ^{\circ}C$?

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62#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The efficiency of a Carnot engine is 35.0%. Wxxjhm r5wd:/d 8s y)l n-fa+/ehat is the temperature of the cold res + ah:exmrs/f-njld/8w) dxy5 ervoir if the temperature of the hot reservoir is $500 ^{\circ}K$?

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63#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine operatini/ngwcb0 12ea 6c : e, /cautmczk;rs7g between $40 ^{\circ}C$ and $380 ^{\circ}C$ has an efficiency 60% of that of a Carnot engine operating between the same temperatures. If the engine absorbs heat at a rate of 60 kW, at what rate does it exhaust heat?

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64#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing compartment at the rate of 20 kJk566hyf4e.k /lo himk and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. How much work is requir4 6 h/ey.ihklfmo56kked in each cycle?

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65#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing y *aofjkx8k(uc2v- 9pcompartment at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 k(xp8cua fk kj29-*yvoJ into a room per cycle. What is the coefficient of performance?

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66#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During each cycle of operationaxw m5if89e *i, a refrigerator absorbs 230 J of heat from the freezer and expels 356 J of heat to the room. How much work input is reqxii ew *f958mauired in each cycle?

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67#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the change in entropy when 50 g of ice melt lsx*r65e7tduf7sa 2l at $0 ^{\circ}C$?

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68#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When 0.50 kg of ice freezes, the change in entropjnc:;.wu f90( wwj lchy is

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69#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  1.0 kg of steam at $100 ^{\circ}C$ condenses to water at $100 ^{\circ}C$. What is the change in entropy in the process?

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70#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A container of ideal gas at STP u )9d6bt8d jyaindergoes an isothermal expansion and its entropy changesdid6bj9 t) ya8 by
3.7 J/e K. How much work does it do?

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71#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A piece of metal at b jq+(knx h(h9j/wnqz rz9 9h)$80 ^{\circ}C$ is placed in 1.2 L of water at $72 ^{\circ}C$. The system is thermally isolated and reaches a final temperature of $75 ^{\circ}C$. Estimate the approximate change in entropy for this process.

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